Search results for “subarachnoid hemorrhages”
461 results
Article
Meningeal melanomatosis
Meningeal melanomatosis is an aggressive version of meningeal melanocytosis and one of the recognised primary melanocytic tumours of the CNS. It represents proliferation of melanocytic cells within the subarachnoid space 1. There is a strong association with cutaneous melanocytic lesions, in whi...
Article
Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs)
Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs) represent a collection of disparate conditions that can cause signal change in the corpus callosum, usually involving the splenium.
Terminology
The term cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs) has been proposed 12 as a more precise d...
Article
Carotid artery stenosis
Carotid artery stenosis, also known as extracranial carotid artery stenosis, is usually caused by an atherosclerotic process and is one of the major causes of stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA).
This article refers to stenosis involving the carotid bulb and the proximal segment of int...
Article
Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography is an interventional procedure for the diagnosis and/or treatment of intracranial pathology.
Indications
Cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is indicated in a variety of settings including:
diagnosis and treatment of:
aneurysms 1
acute ischaemic stroke
vascu...
Article
Sickle cell disease (cerebral manifestations)
Cerebral manifestations of sickle cell disease contribute significantly to the overall morbidity of the disease. Sickle cell disease is among the most common causes of stroke in the paediatric population.
For a general discussion of sickle cell disease, please refer to sickle cell disease.
Epi...
Article
Coup de poignard of Michon
Coup de poignard of Michon refers to spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage, usually as a result of a spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
Clinical presentation
Presentation is with sudden excruciating back pain, akin to being stabbed with a dagger (poignard is French for dagger). It is the corol...
Article
Marshall classification of traumatic brain injury
The Marshall classification of traumatic brain injury is a CT scan derived metric using only a few features and has been shown to predict outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury.
This system was first published in 1992 1 building on findings from a large cohort of head injury cases des...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (P)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter P and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Fluid attenuated inversion recovery
Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery sequence with a long inversion time. This removes signal from the cerebrospinal fluid in the resulting images 1. Brain tissue on FLAIR images appears similar to T2 weighted images with grey matter brighter than white mat...
Article
Meningeal melanocytoma
Meningeal melanocytomas are rare benign primary melanocytic tumours of the CNS that are derived from leptomeningeal melanocytes. They can occur anywhere along the neuraxis but are most commonly found in the spinal canal near the foramen magnum, as well as the posterior cranial fossa, Meckel cave...
Article
Obstructive hydrocephalus
Obstructive hydrocephalus is a term usually used to denote non-communicating hydrocephalus.
It is actually a term that causes confusion as used in the above sense implies that communicating hydrocephalus does not have an obstruction to CSF flow/absorption; this is not true as the majority of c...
Article
Suprasellar cistern
The suprasellar cistern (also known as the chiasmatic cistern or pentagon of basal cisterns) is one of the cerebrospinal fluid-filled subarachnoid cisterns.
Gross anatomy
Location
The suprasellar cistern is located above the sella turcica, under the hypothalamus and between the uncus of the t...
Article
Lateral apertures (of Luschka)
The lateral apertures (of Luschka) (also known as the foramina of Luschka) are two of the foramina in the ventricular system and link the fourth ventricle to the cerebellopontine cistern. Together with the median aperture (of Magendie) they comprise two of the three sites that CSF can leave the ...
Article
Intracranial arterial beading
Intracranial arterial beading represents alternating areas of constriction in the intracranial arteries that gives the appearance of beads strung together.
Differential diagnosis
The various conditions where this may be seen are:
cerebral vasculitis
radiation therapy
cerebral vasospasm post...
Article
Distal dural ring
The distal dural ring is an anatomical landmark that separates the extradural from the intradural intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). It is located at the junction of the cavernous, clinoid and ophthalmic segments of the ICA.
Gross anatomy
Anatomy of this region is complex and varied a...
Article
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling is an infrequently used method of confirming the presence of a hormonally active pituitary microadenoma when imaging alone has been insufficient. This technique is able to confirm that excess hormone (e.g. ACTH) is being produced by the pituitary and may also hel...
Article
Blood blister-like aneurysm
Blood blister-like aneurysm is a broad-based bulge at a non-branch point of a vessel, which is unlike saccular (or 'berry') aneurysms which usually occur at branch points.
Clinical presentation
Middle-aged patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Pathology
A focal defect in the arterial wall ...
Article
Ivy sign (brain)
The ivy sign refers to the MRI brain appearance of patients with moyamoya disease or moyamoya syndrome. Prominent leptomeningeal collaterals result in high signal on FLAIR due to slow flow and vivid contrast enhancement on post-contrast T1 1-3. The sign may be more reliably seen on post-contrast...
Article
Depressed skull fracture
Depressed skull fractures result in the bone of the skull vault being folded (depressed) inward into the cerebral parenchyma. It is usually the result of a high energy impact to the skull.
Pathology
These mostly (~75%) occur in the frontoparietal region 3.
Associations
There are a number of ...
Article
Murphey's teat
Murphey’s teat, also known as Murphey’s tit or Murphey’s excrescence, refers to the cerebral angiographic finding of a focal outpouching within an intracranial aneurysm that indicates the likely site of rupture in a patient with subarachnoid haemorrhage 1,2. This sign, when present, is particula...
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