Search results for “subarachnoid hemorrhages”
461 results
Article
Coup-contrecoup injury (brain)
A coup-contrecoup injury is a term applied to head injuries and most often cerebral contusions and traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage. It refers to the common pattern of injury whereby damage is located both at the site of impact (often less marked) and on the opposite side of the head to the po...
Article
Suprasellar cistern
The suprasellar cistern (also known as the chiasmatic cistern or pentagon of basal cisterns) is one of the cerebrospinal fluid-filled subarachnoid cisterns.
Gross anatomy
Location
The suprasellar cistern is located above the sella turcica, under the hypothalamus and between the uncus of the t...
Article
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling is an infrequently used method of confirming the presence of a hormonally active pituitary microadenoma when imaging alone has been insufficient. This technique is able to confirm that excess hormone (e.g. ACTH) is being produced by the pituitary and may also hel...
Article
Call-Fleming syndrome
Call-Fleming syndrome, also called Call syndrome, essentially synonymous with the more current term reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), although it is felt to be a subset of the former by some, representing the idiopathic RCVS.
Call-Flemming syndrome is therefore characterise...
Article
Myxopapillary ependymoma
Myxopapillary ependymomas are a variant type of ependymoma that occurs predominantly in the filum terminale and/or conus medullaris. They represent 13% of all spinal ependymomas and are the most common tumours of the cauda equina region.
Epidemiology
They tend to have an earlier clinical prese...
Article
Fluid attenuated inversion recovery
Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery sequence with a long inversion time. This removes signal from the cerebrospinal fluid in the resulting images 1. Brain tissue on FLAIR images appears similar to T2 weighted images with grey matter brighter than white mat...
Article
Aqueduct stenosis
Aqueductal stenosis is narrowing of the cerebral aqueduct. This is the most common cause of congenital obstructive hydrocephalus, but can also be seen in adults as an acquired abnormality.
Epidemiology
Congenital aqueductal stenosis has an estimated incidence of ~1:5000 births although the re...
Article
Cystic spinal cord lesions
Cystic spinal lesions can result from a number of disease entities:
Primary
Chiari malformation
Dandy walker malformation
diastematomyelia
spinal dysraphism
certain skeletal dysplasias 2
achondroplasia
tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I
ependymal cyst 4
Acquired
due to a tumour
...
Article
Internal carotid artery dissection
Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection, like arterial dissection elsewhere, is a result of blood entering the media through a tear in the intima 1 and is a common cause of stroke in younger patients.
Epidemiology
Dissection may occur at any age but is a common cause of stroke in young patien...
Article
Lumbar puncture
Lumbar punctures (LP) are a commonly performed hospital procedure in which a needle is inserted through the back to the subarachnoid space in the spinal canal, often to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or inject a therapeutic agent. The procedure can be performed blind via landmarks or under im...
Article
Cluster headache
Cluster headaches are a particularly painful form of recurrent primary headache disorder, considered the most common trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia 1.
Terminology
Cluster headaches have been known by a variety of different names, including paroxysmal nocturnal cephalgia, histamine headache,...
Article
Communicating hydrocephalus
Communicating hydrocephalus is a type of hydrocephalus where CSF is able to leave the ventricular system.
Terminology
Communicating hydrocephalus is commonly used as the opposite of obstructive hydrocephalus, which leads to much unnecessary confusion, as most causes of communicating hydroceph...
Article
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis refers to an infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides spp., usually localised to the lungs. This disease is not to be confused with the similarly named paracoccidioidomycosis.
Epidemiology
The most common species of Coccidioides are Coccidioides immitis and Cocc...
Article
Neurogenic pulmonary oedema
Neurogenic pulmonary oedema is an aetiological subtype of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, classified as a subtype of the acute respiratory distress syndrome by the Berlin definition.
The diagnosis of neurogenic pulmonary oedema is based on the occurrence of oedema after a neurologic event/ins...
Article
Coarctation of the aorta
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) refers to a narrowing of the aortic lumen.
Epidemiology
Coarctations account for between 5-8% of all congenital heart defects. They are more frequent in males, M:F ratio of ~2-3:1.
Associations
As with many congenital abnormalities, coarctation of the aorta is ...
Case
Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
Published
09 Mar 2022
95% complete
CT
Case
Ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm complicated by vasospasm
Published
09 Apr 2022
100% complete
Nuclear medicine
CT
DSA (angiography)
Article
Leptomeningeal metastases
Leptomeningeal metastases, also known as carcinomatous meningitis and meningeal carcinomatosis, refers to the spread of malignant cells through the CSF space. These cells can originate from primary CNS tumours (e.g. in the form of drop metastases), as well as from distant tumours that have metas...
Case
Superficial siderosis
Published
16 Sep 2023
77% complete
MRI
Case
Ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm with bilateral anterior cerebral artery infarcts
Published
08 Apr 2022
92% complete
CT
DSA (angiography)
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