95 results found
Article
Neonatal appendicitis
Neonatal appendicitis is rare, presumably in part due to the short funnel shape of the appendix at that age. Symptoms are non-specific and may mimic necrotising enterocolitis.
Article
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum (aeroperitoneum is a rare synonym 12) describes gas within the peritoneal cavity, often due to critical illness. There are numerous causes and several mimics.
Pathology
The most common cause of pneumoperitoneum is the disruption of the wall of a hollow viscus. In children, the...
Article
Portal hypertensive gastroenterocolopathy
Portal hypertensive gastroenterocolopathy is a finding in portal hypertension, whereby chronic portal venous congestion leads to dilatation and ectasia of the submucosal vessels of the stomach (portal hypertensive gastropathy), small bowel (portal hypertensive enteropathy) and/or large bowel (po...
Article
Neonatal bilious vomiting
Neonatal bilious vomiting has a relatively narrow differential - those conditions that cause intestinal obstruction but do so distal to the ampulla of Vater. As such, the list includes:
malrotation with midgut volvulus
duodenal atresia
jejunoileal atresia
meconium ileus
necrotising enteroc...
Article
Acute phlegmonous oesophagitis
Acute phlegmonous oesophagitis is a very rare form of oesophagitis in which there is a diffuse bacterial infection within the submucosa of the oesophagus 1.
Terminology
Usually there is co-infection of the stomach (phlegmonous gastritis), and if both the stomach and oesophagus are involved it ...
Article
Cone-shaped caecum (differential)
A cone-shaped caecum refers to a loss of the normal rounded appearance of the caecum, which instead becomes narrow and cone-shaped with the apex pointing towards the base of the appendix. It is encountered in a number of conditions including:
inflammatory
infective
blastomycosis
amoebiasis
...
Article
RANZCR key conditions assessment
The RANZCR key conditions assessment is an assessment mandated by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) for first year radiology trainees prior to starting after-hours work and on-call duties.
The assessment is conducted locally by the training site, where clinic...
Article
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is characterised by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the submucosa and/or gastrointestinal subserosa of the small intestine. It is a subtype of pneumatosis with specific features, which can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, including ...
Article
Hepatic abscess
Hepatic abscesses, like abscesses elsewhere, are localised collections of necrotic inflammatory tissue caused by bacterial, parasitic, or fungal agents.
Epidemiology
The frequency of individual infective agents as causes of liver abscesses are intimately linked to the demographics of the affe...
Article
Radiation-induced enteritis
Radiation-induced enteritis is a small bowel pathology resulting from toxic effects of radiotherapy on the small bowel wall and vasculature.
Epidemiology
5-15% of patients treated with radiotherapy (usually >4500 cGy) develop chronic radiation enteropathy.
Terminology
Enteritis is inflammat...
Article
COVID-19
For a quick reference guide, please see our COVID-19 summary article.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a strain of coronavirus. The first cases were seen in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 before ...
Article
Absent umbilical arterial end-diastolic flow
Absent end-diastolic flow (AEDF) in an umbilical artery Doppler assessment is a useful feature that indicates underlying fetal vascular stress if detected in mid or late pregnancy. It is often classified as Class II in severity in abnormal umbilical arterial Dopplers 9.
Epidemiology
Associatio...
Article
Neonatal respiratory distress (causes)
Causes of neonatal distress can be broadly split into intrathoracic, extrathoracic and systemic:
Intrathoracic
Medical
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN)
meconium aspiration syndrome
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)...
Article
Terminal ileitis (differential)
The differential diagnosis for a terminal ileitis is quite extensive, and includes:
inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn disease (most common)
backwash ileitis due to ulcerative colitis
infectious colitis
Yersinia spp.
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Salmonella spp.
Sa...
Article
Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the commonest of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Its key presenting features are recurrent abdominal pain and change in bowel habit (diarrhoea and/or constipation), which may be severe, such that for an individual, there may be a marked negati...
Case
Portal venous gas
Published
07 Jun 2019
75% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Ileal atresia with intestinal obstruction
Published
15 Feb 2023
100% complete
Ultrasound
X-ray
Case
Intramural bowel gas and portal venous gas
Published
26 Feb 2017
97% complete
X-ray
Ultrasound
Case
Gastroschisis
Published
02 Feb 2020
97% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Malpositioned UVC and UAC
Published
16 Dec 2022
94% complete
X-ray
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