Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
3,368 results found
Article
Parietal foramen
The parietal foramina are inconstant foramina on each side of the posterior aspect of the parietal bone near the sagittal suture and represent a normal anatomic variant. They transmit emissary veins, draining to the superior sagittal sinus, and occasionally a branch of the occipital artery. The ...
Article
Uterine duplication anomalies
Uterine duplication anomalies are a group of Müllerian duct anomalies where fusion of the Müllerian duct associated structures fail to some degree:
uterus didelphys: class III
bicornuate uterus: class IV (second commonest duplication anomaly)
septate uterus: class V (commonest duplication ano...
Article
Popliteal lymph nodes
The popliteal lymph nodes (often shortened to the popliteal nodes) are deep lymph nodes within the popliteal fossa of the knee, in close proximity to the popliteal vessels.
Most individuals have between two to nine popliteal lymph nodes, which form a small cluster, in close proximity to the ner...
Article
Lymphatic drainage of the breast
Lymphatic drainage of breast originates from breast lobules and flows through intramammary nodes and channels into a subareolar plexus, called Sappey’s plexus. From this plexus, lymphatic drainage takes place through three main routes that parallel venous tributaries. Lymphatics from the left br...
Article
Os supranaviculare
An os supranaviculare is an accessory ossicle of the foot, located at the proximal dorsal aspect of the navicular bone or talonavicular joint. It is also known as Piries bone, talonavicular dorsale, or (dorsal) talonavicular ossicle and is present in ~1% of the population.
Differential diagnos...
Article
Brown adipose tissue
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) (also known as brown fat) is one of two types of adipose tissue (the other one being white fat) important for producing thermal energy (heat, non-shivering thermogenesis), especially in the newborn. It constitutes ~5% of body mass in the newborn and tends to reduce mar...
Article
Wernicke's area
Wernicke's area (Brodmann area 22) is an area of the posterior temporal lobe in the dominant hemisphere concerned with the receptive components of speech.
Gross anatomy
Wernicke's area is located in the superior temporal gyrus, posterior to the posterior commissure line.
Relations
It is boun...
Article
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobe is by far the largest of the four lobes of the cerebrum (other lobes: parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe), and is responsible for many of the functions which produce voluntary and purposeful action.
Gross anatomy
The frontal lobe is the largest lobe accounting fo...
Article
Perilabral sulcus
The perilabral sulcus is a physiological space between the acetabular labrum and capsule of the hip joint, which inserts next to the base of the labrum and is therefore intra-articular.
Superiorly the capsule's attachment is displaced from the labrum by a few millimetres and thus the sulcus is ...
Article
Bill bar
Bill bar (TA: crista verticalis) also known as the vertical crest, is a bony anatomical landmark that divides the superior compartment of the internal acoustic meatus into an anterior and posterior compartment. Anterior to Bill bar, in the anterior superior quadrant, are the facial nerve (CN VII...
Article
Heterotaxy syndrome
Heterotaxy syndromes refer to abnormal left/right distribution of thoracic and abdominal organs that is neither situs solitus nor situs inversus. They are frequently associated with congenital heart disease and other visceral abnormalities.
Terminology
Isomerism implies mirrored organs, and ca...
Article
Axillary nerve
The axillary nerve is one of five terminal branches of the brachial plexus, supplying motor and sensory branches to the shoulder.
Summary
origin: posterior cord of the brachial plexus
course: passes out of axilla through the quadrangular space to the upper arm
major branches: superior later...
Article
Musculocutaneous nerve
The musculocutaneous nerve is one of five major branches of the brachial plexus and supplies motor innervation to the arm and sensory innervation to the forearm.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The musculocutaneous nerve is one of two terminal branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (along w...
Article
Talar tilt
Talar tilt is a measurement of the angle between the talus and the distal tibia, used in the assessment of ankle instability and ankle osteoarthritis (OA).
Usage
Talar tilt is an important measurement in the assessment of ankle osteoarthritis. It is measured as part of the Kellgren and Lawrenc...
Article
Prussak space
Prussak space is a subcomponent of the lateral epitympanic space and extends from the level of the scutum to the umbo. This space is best demonstrated on the oblique coronal image.
Gross anatomy
Boundaries
lateral: pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane and the scutum
medial: neck of the ma...
Article
Terminal ileum
The terminal ileum (plural: ilea (rarely: ileums) is the most distal segment of small bowel. It immediately precedes the small bowel's connection with the colon through the ileocaecal valve. It is of particular interest since a number of infectious and inflammatory processes preferentially invol...
Article
Ejaculatory pathway of sperm (mnemonic)
A useful mnemonic to remember the ejaculatory pathway of sperm is:
SEVEN UP
Mnemonic
S: seminiferous tubules of the testes
E: epididymis
V: ductus deferens
E: ejaculatory duct
N: nothing
U: urethra
P: penis
Article
Bronchial artery
The bronchial arteries are the major supply of high-pressure oxygenated blood to the supporting structures of the lung, including the pulmonary arteries, but contribute only 1% of total lung blood flow. Blood in the bronchial circulation does not take part in gas exchange unless there is patholo...
Article
Tarsal bones
The tarsal bones are the seven bones of the foot excluding the metatarsals and phalanges. They are collectively known as the tarsus. The seven bones are:
talus
calcaneus
navicular
cuboid
lateral cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
medial cuneiform
There are several mnemonics for the tarsals.
Article
Aberrant right subclavian artery
Aberrant right subclavian arteries (ARSA), also known as arteria lusoria, are among the commonest aortic arch anomalies.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is 0.5-2% 1.
Associations
as can be expected from the embryological development of the artery, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve is...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.