1,719 results
Article
Floor of mouth
The floor of mouth is an oral cavity subsite and is a common location of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
Gross anatomy
The floor of mouth is a U-shaped space which extends (and includes) from the oral cavity mucosa superiorly, and the mylohyoid muscle sling 2,3.
Boundaries
superiorly:...
Article
Chondromesenchymal hamartoma
Chondromesenchymal hamartomas are rare, benign, tumour-like nasal masses in children that have been associated with DICER1 mutations.
Epidemiology
The entity is rare: a systematic review of the literature in 2015 identified fewer than 50 reported cases 2. The mean age of presentation is 10 yea...
Article
Intrauterine contraceptive device
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD), also known as intrauterine devices (IUD) and colloquially commonly as the coil, are one of the most frequently used methods of contraception throughout the world. It prevents pregnancy by:
thinning the endometrial lining
preventing sperm motility
pre...
Article
Granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis
Granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis, sometimes termed granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, is a form of invasive fungal sinusitis. Reports describing the imaging findings have been uncommon 1.
Epidemiology
It is rare and has been mainly reported in North Africa, Middle East and As...
Article
Caesarean section scar diverticulum
Caesarean section scar diverticulum is a form of outpouching located in the anterior lower uterine cavity at the site of a caesarean section scar.
There is some similarity with the term caesarean scar niche.
Clinical presentation
mostly asymptomatic
postmenstrual spotting
Radiographic feat...
Article
Bowel perforation (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Bowel perforation is an acute surgical emergency where there is a release of gastric or intestinal contents into the peritoneal space.
Reference article
This is a summary article; read more in our article on bowel perfora...
Article
Schneiderian papilloma
Schneiderian papillomas, also known as sinonasal papillomas, are benign sinonasal tumours that arise from the Schneiderian epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
Epidemiology
Schneiderian papillomas account for ~2.5% (range 0.4-4.7%) of sinonasal tumours 2.
Pathology
The WHO ...
Article
Midventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Midventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a phenotype or morphological variant of asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) characterised by hypertrophy in the midventricular segment that might result in midventricular obstruction.
Epidemiology
Midventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy...
Article
Concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Concentric or symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a morphological variant or phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) characterised by fairly symmetrical or diffuse thickening of the myocardium and a reduction of the left ventricular cavity.
Terminology
The term ‘concentric left ven...
Article
Amnion
Amnion refers to a membranous structure which covers and protects the embryo. It forms inside the chorion. The amnion usually fuses with the outer chorion by around 14 weeks of gestation.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
The amnion can be visualised in most pregnancies before the 12th week of...
Article
Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (previously known as chronic necrotising aspergillosis or semi-invasive aspergillosis) is subacute to chronic localised and indolent form of invasive aspergillosis. It is also sometimes grouped under the term chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
Epidemiolog...
Article
Intestinal nonrotation
Intestinal nonrotation is a congenital anomaly of the intestines that results in the small bowel occupying the right side of the peritoneal cavity and the colon predominantly on the left.
It is sometimes thought of as a subtype of intestinal malrotation.
Epidemiology
Nonrotation is estimated ...
Article
Air crescent (lung)
Air crescent describes the crescent of gas between an intra-cavitary mass and the cavity wall. The intra-cavitary mass may be due to necrotic tissue or a fungus ball 6.
Terminology
The descriptor Monod sign 2 is commonly used to describe the combination of a gas crescent and a mobile fungus ba...
Article
Leiomyoma of soft tissue
Soft tissue leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasms usually found in the somatic deep soft tissues, the retroperitoneum and the abdominal cavity 1.
Epidemiology
Leiomyomas of the deep somatic tissues are rare soft tissue neoplasms that have been primarily found in middle-aged adults with...
Article
CSF otorrhoea
CSF otorrhoea is defined as leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space into the middle ear cavity or mastoid air cells and then out the ear via a perforation in the tympanic membrane or defect in the external ear.
Epidemiology
There are a number of underlying causes (see ...
Article
Pleura
The pleura (plural: pleurae) is an exceedingly delicate serous membrane which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac that encloses the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.
Gross anatomy
The pleura divides into:
visceral pleura which covers the surface of the lung and dips into th...
Article
Mastoid part of temporal bone
The mastoid part of the temporal bone is its posterior component. The inferior conical projection of the mastoid part is called the mastoid process.
Gross anatomy
An irregular cavity within the anterosuperior aspect of the bone is called the mastoid (or tympanic) antrum, which communicates wit...
Article
Pericardial recesses
The pericardial recesses are small spaces in the pericardial cavity formed by reflections of the pericardium.
Gross anatomy
Pericardial fluid can pool in these recesses and can be categorised by whether they arise from the transverse sinus, the oblique sinus, or the pericardial cavity proper 3...
Article
Knee joint
The knee joint is a modified hinge joint between the femur, tibia, and patella. It is the largest synovial joint in the body and allows flexion and extension of the leg as well as some rotation in the flexed position.
Summary
location: two condylar joints between femur and tibia; saddle joint ...
Article
Pleural effusion
Pleural effusions are abnormal accumulations of fluid within the pleural space. They may result from a variety of pathological processes which overwhelm the pleura's ability to reabsorb fluid.
Terminology
"Pleural effusion" is commonly used as a catch-all term to describe any abnormal accumula...
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