322 results
Article
Peripheral lung opacities (mnemonic)
Mnemonics for peripheral lung opacities seen on chest x-ray or CT are useful to remember differentials. Examples include:
AEIOU
SIC CUE
Mnemonics
AEIOU
A: alveolar sarcoidosis
E: eosinophilic pneumonia
I: infarction
O: organising pneumonia (including COP)
U: usual interstitial pneumonit...
Article
COVID-19
For a quick reference guide, please see our COVID-19 summary article.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a strain of coronavirus. The first cases were seen in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 before ...
Article
Conditions with upper lobe predominance (mnemonic)
Useful mnemonics to remember conditions with upper lobe predominance in chest radiology are:
STEP
BREASTS
SHORTI
A TEA SHOP
SET CAP
Mnemonics
STEP
S: sarcoidosis, silicosis
T: tuberculosis
E: eosinophilic pneumonia
P: pneumoconiosis
BREASTS
B: berylliosis
R: radiation fibrosis
E: ...
Article
Granulomatous lung disease
Granulomatous lung disease refers to a broad group of infectious and non-infectious conditions characterised by the formation of granulomas. The spectrum includes:
infectious
mycobacterial
pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection
fungal
pulmonary coccidioido...
Article
Ground-glass opacification
Ground-glass opacification/opacity (GGO) is a descriptive term referring to an area of increased attenuation in the lung on computed tomography (CT) with preserved bronchial and vascular markings. It is a non-specific sign with a wide aetiology including infection, chronic interstitial disease a...
Article
Chest curriculum
The chest curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core chest knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to the lungs, mediastinum, and pleura, but excluding the skeletal structures (see musculoskeletal curriculum), heart (see cardiac...
Article
Nitrofurantoin related lung changes
Nitrofurantoin related lung disease refers to a spectrum of lung changes that can be precipitated by nitrofurantoin use.
Epidemiology
Nitrofurantoin-induced lung injury is uncommon where a considerable number of reported publications likely reflect the widespread use of the drug rather than th...
Article
Lipoid pneumonia
Lipoid pneumonia is a form of pneumonia associated with oily or lipid components within the pneumonitis component.
This can either result from:
aspiration of oily substances (exogenous lipoid pneumonia) or
endogenous accumulation of lipid substances in the alveoli (endogenous lipoid pneumonia...
Article
Radiation-induced lung disease
Radiation-induced lung disease (RILD) is a frequent complication of radiotherapy to the chest for chest wall or intrathoracic malignancies and can have a variety of appearances, especially depending on when the patient is imaged. Acute and late phases are described, corresponding to radiation pn...
Article
Mushroom worker's lung
Mushroom worker’s disease is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by the occupational exposure of allergenic fungal spores and compost associated with the inhalation of organic dust from mushroom composting and spawning.
Clinical presentation
It presents as an acute pulmonary illness with cou...
Article
Microcystic honeycombing
Microcystic honeycombing is an HRCT imaging descriptor not in common use that is given to denote extremely small cysts typically occurring in a subpleural location on a background of interstitial lung disease. Some authors suggest that the size of cysts should be <4 mm in order to be classified ...
Article
Pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection
Pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection, also known as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) or Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), is an atypical pulmonary infection and the most common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Terminology
Classically, ...
Article
Interstitial lung disease
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an umbrella term that encompasses a large number of disorders that are characterised by diffuse cellular infiltrates in a periacinar location. The spectrum of conditions included is broad, ranging from occasional self-limited inflammatory processes to severe de...
Article
Miliary opacities (lungs)
The term miliary opacities refers to innumerable, small 1-4 mm pulmonary nodules scattered throughout the lungs. It is useful to divide these patients into those who are febrile and those who are not.
Additionally, some miliary opacities are very dense, narrowing the differential - see multiple...
Article
Trastuzumab deruxtecan related interstitial lung disease
Trastuzumab deruxtecan related interstitial lung disease (T-Dxd ILD) is a form of drug induced lung disease which can rarely occur with the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd).
It can cause a fatal pneumonitis and therefore its recognition is important.
Radiographic features...
Article
Bird fancier lung
Bird fancier lung refers to a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis occurring as a response to avian antigens (usually inhaled proteins in the dust of bird feathers and droppings).
For a broad discussion on this entity, please refer to the main article on hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Radiogra...
Article
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is the late manifestation of radiation-induced lung disease and is relatively common following radiotherapy for chest wall or intrathoracic malignancies.
This article does not deal with the changes seen in the acute phase. Please refer to the article on radi...
Article
Reticular interstitial pattern
Reticular interstitial pattern is one of the patterns of linear opacification in the lung. It can either mean a plain film or HRCT/CT feature.
Pathology
Causes
Reticulation can be subdivided by the size of the intervening pulmonary lucency into fine, medium and coarse. Diseases with a predom...
Article
Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome, or Sjögren disease, is an autoimmune condition of the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
Epidemiology
Sjögren syndrome is the second most common autoimmune disorder after rheumatoid arthritis. There is a recognised female predilection with F:M ratio of ~9:1. Patie...
Article
Upper lobe pulmonary fibrosis
Upper lobe predominant pulmonary fibrosis can be associated with a number of pathologies. These include
cystic fibrosis: see pulmonary manifestations of cystic fibrosis
pulmonary sarcoidosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
pulmonary tuberculosis
pneumoconioses, e.g. silicosis
allergic bronch...
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