322 results
Article
Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease
Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) is a clinical diagnosis. The CT features are indistinguishable from respiratory bronchiolitis (RB) and should be reported as such.
Epidemiology
In almost all cases, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease is associated wi...
Article
Meconium aspiration
Meconium aspiration occurs secondary to intrapartum or intrauterine aspiration of meconium, usually in the setting of fetal distress, often in term or post-term infants.
Epidemiology
Up to 10-15% of live births after 34 weeks can present with meconium stained fluid but only 1-5% of neonates de...
Article
Halo sign (chest)
The halo sign in chest imaging is a feature seen on lung window settings, ground glass opacity surrounding a pulmonary nodule or mass and represents haemorrhage. It is typically seen in angioinvasive aspergillosis.
Pathology
Histopathologically, it represents a focus of pulmonary infarction su...
Article
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a clinical syndrome and considered the most common and the most lethal form of pulmonary fibrosis corresponding to the histologic and imaging pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. It is more common in elderly men and diagnosed by:
histological or imagi...
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus (thoracic manifestations)
Thoracic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be variable.
Please refer to the main article on systemic lupus erythematosus for a general discussion and links to other system-specific manifestations.
Pathology
Pleuropulmonary manifestations
pleuritis: considered one of ...
Article
Aspergillus
Aspergillus (plural: Aspergilli) is a fungal genus consisting of approximately 250 species 1. It is a ubiquitous fungus frequently found in urban areas especially in decomposing organic matter or water-damaged walls and ceilings. Only a few Aspergillus species are associated with human disease 1...
Article
Tularaemia
Tularaemia is a rare and highly virulent febrile zoonotic bacterial infection caused by Francisella tularensis, which has been developed as a bioweapon by several countries. It can infect the skin and mucous membranes, lungs and intestine and cause systemic disease and death. Tularaemia is a not...
Article
Pneumonia
The term pneumonia is most commonly used to mean acute infection of the lung parenchyma. Sometimes chronic infections are included.
Terminology
the term consolidation is often erroneously misinterpreted as a synonym for pneumonia
some interstitial lung diseases have been classified as interst...
Article
Upper and lower lobe distribution of bilateral pulmonary pathologies (mnemonic)
The upper and lower lobe distribution of certain bilateral pulmonary pathologies can be recalled using the following mnemonics:
upper lobe or apical predominance: CASSET HPP or SET CAP
lower lobe or bibasilar predominance: BAD RASH
Mnemonics
CASSET HPP
C: cystic fibrosis
A: ankylosing spon...
Article
Acute exogenous lipoid pneumonia
Acute exogenous lipoid pneumonia is an uncommon form of exogenous lipoid pneumonia and is typically caused by the aerosolisation and aspiration of a highly viscous hydrocarbon, such as vegetable oil, mineral oil or petroleum jelly 5. The more common pulmonary toxicity exerted by hydrocarbons is ...
Article
Cheese workers' lung
Cheese workers' lung is a rare hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to the exposure of certain Penicillium species seen in people who work with mouldy cheese.
Clinical presentation
It can present as an acute pulmonary illness with fever and dyspnoea. Clinical features are consistent with other for...
Article
Crazy paving
Crazy paving refers to the appearance of ground-glass opacities with superimposed interlobular septal thickening and intralobular septal thickening, seen on chest HRCT or standard CT chest. It is a non-specific finding that can be seen in a number of conditions.
Pathology
Aetiology
Common ca...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (H)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter H and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Pulmonary aspiration diseases
Pulmonary aspiration diseases comprise a broad spectrum of conditions that can occur related to aspiration of various contents. These include:
according to content
gastric acid aspiration: Mendelson syndrome
aspiration of partially-digested food
aspiration of water
near-drowning pulmonary ...
Article
Vaping-associated lung disease
Vaping-associated lung disease, or EVALI (e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury), consists of patterns of inhalational pulmonary injury induced by electronic cigarettes (also known as e-cigarettes, e-vaporisers, e-hookahs, vapes, vape pens). These products heat up a liquid con...
Article
Atoll sign (lungs)
The atoll sign or reversed halo sign refers to focal ground-glass opacity with a peripheral ring of consolidation which may be complete or incomplete. The sign was originally described in organising pneumonia but can also occur in infections, infarction, granulomatous disease, inflammation and t...
Article
Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease
Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) is a temporal descriptive term for forms of interstitial lung disease that can progress rapidly through time. A consensus on the temporal time frame, however, has not been published at this time. There is also no clear morphological descript...
Article
Airway-centred interstitial fibrosis
Airway-centred interstitial fibrosis is a type of interstitial lung disease first proposed in 2004 2. It is still unclear (c.2015) whether it represents a variant of preexisting interstitial lung disease (such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis or organising pneumonia) or constitutes a separate ent...
Article
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, or lymphangitis carcinomatosa, is the term given to tumour spread through the lymphatics of the lung and is most commonly seen secondary to adenocarcinoma.
Epidemiology
The demographics will reflect that of the underlying malignancy (see below).
Clinical presentat...
Article
HIV/AIDS (pulmonary and thoracic manifestations)
Pulmonary and thoracic manifestations of HIV/AIDS are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality related to the disease. The differential in an HIV patient with a chest complaint is broad. Infectious causes are the most common, however, neoplasms, lymphoma and interstitial pneumonia also pla...
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