52 results found
Article
Neck of femur fracture
Neck of femur (NOF) fractures, or femoral neck fractures, are common injuries sustained by older patients who are more likely to have both unsteadiness of gait and reduced bone mineral density, predisposing to fracture. Elderly osteoporotic women are at greatest risk.
Epidemiology
The incidenc...
Article
Delbet classification
The Delbet classification helps predict the risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in neck of femur fractures, as well as determine operative vs non-operative management 1.
Classification
type I: trans-epiphyseal separation
fracture through proximal femoral physis, representing Salte...
Article
Fracture
A fracture is a discontinuity in a bone (or cartilage) resulting from mechanical forces which exceed the bone's ability to withstand them.
Terminology
A fracture is often written as # in medical shorthand, i.e. the hash symbol, although it is still pronounced as fracture, e.g. "neck of femur f...
Article
Femoroacetabular joint
The femoroacetabular or hip joint is a large ball-and-socket synovial joint between the femoral head and the acetabulum.
Summary
articulation: ball and socket joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum
ligaments: ischiofemoral, iliofemoral, pubofemoral and transverse acetabular li...
Article
Hip joint
The hip joint is a synovial joint between the femoral head and the acetabulum of the pelvis. This article considers the hip joint specifically, however it is worth noting that the word hip is often used to refer more generally to the anatomical region around this joint.
Summary
articulation: b...
Article
Pelvis series
The pelvis series is comprised of an anteroposterior (AP) with additional projections based on indications and pathology. The series is used most in emergency departments during the evaluation of multi-trauma patients due to the complex anatomy the AP projection covers.
The pelvis series examin...
Article
Femur
The femur (plural: femora) is the longest, most voluminous and strongest bone in the human body.
Gross anatomy
It is composed of the upper extremity, body and lower extremity and provides several muscular origins and insertions.
Proximal portion
The upper extremity is composed of the head, n...
Article
Subcapital fracture
Subcapital fracture is the most common type of intracapsular neck of femur fracture. The fracture line extends through the junction of the head and neck of femur.
Classification
Although many classifications are proposed Garden classification and Pauwel classification are generally followed fr...
Article
Occult fracture
Occult fractures are those that are not visible on imaging, most commonly plain radiographs and sometimes CT, either due to lack of displacement or limitations of the imaging study. There may be clinical signs of a fracture without one actually being seen. MRI or nuclear medicine studies are som...
Article
Shenton line
Shenton line is an imaginary curved line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus (superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur. This line should be continuous and smooth1.
Interruption of the Shenton line can indicate (in...
Article
Fracture description (summary approach)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Fracture description allows an individual to accurately determine fracture type and communicate important information to colleagues without the use of the radiograph. Practicing fracture description is important and using a...
Article
Hip (horizontal beam lateral view)
The horizontal beam lateral hip radiograph or shoot through hip is in the purest terms the orthogonal view of the neck of the femur to the AP projection 1.
Indications
The projection is used to assess the neck of the femur in profile during the investigation of a suspected neck of femur fractu...
Article
Total hip arthroplasty
Total hip arthroplasty (THA), also known as total hip replacement (THR), is an orthopedic procedure that involves the surgical excision of the femoral head and cartilage of the acetabulum and replacement of the joint with articulating femoral and acetabular components. It is a commonly performed...
Article
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head, previously known as avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip, is the most common site for osteonecrosis, presumably due to a combination of precarious blood supply and high loading when standing.
Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head epiphysis in children (...
Article
Pelvic radiograph (checklist)
The pelvic radiograph checklist is just one of the many pathology checklists that can be used when reporting to ensure that you always actively exclude pathology that is commonly missed; this is particularly helpful in the examination setting, e.g. the FRCR 2B rapid-reporting.
Plain radiograph
...
Article
Investigation of hip injury (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Hip injury is an important, but relatively uncommon reason to present to emergency services. As with other traumatic presentations, age distribution is bimodal with high-energy trauma in the younger population and potential...
Article
Coxa vara
Coxa vara describes a hip deformity where the femoral neck-shaft angle is decreased, usually defined as <120°.
Pathology
It can be congenital or acquired. The common mechanism in congenital cases is a failure of the medial growth of the physeal plate 3.
Etiology
The etiology of coxa vara w...
Article
Femur series (pediatric)
The femur series for pediatrics is comprised of an anteroposterior (AP), and lateral radiograph. The series is utilized to assess for abnormalities pertaining to the shaft of the femur (often requested when fringe abnormality is seen on hip or knee radiographs). It is not an effective series to ...
Article
Proximal femoral fractures (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Proximal femoral fractures are a heterogeneous group of fractures that occur in and around the hip. The commonest type of fracture in this region is the femoral neck fracture.
They can occur anywhere between the joint surf...
Article
Pelvic radiograph (an approach)
Pelvic radiographs are a mainstay radiographic examination in trauma imaging. The standard radiographic exam is an AP pelvis, however more specialized projections can be requested to answer specific clinical questions. For a list of the specialized views see the pelvis series article.
Systemati...
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