43 results found
Article
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) (historically also known as hypernephroma or Grawitz tumor) are primary malignant adenocarcinomas derived from the renal tubular epithelium and are the most common malignant renal tumor. They usually occur in 50-70-year old patients and macroscopic hematuria occurs in...
Article
Prostate MRI protocol
Prostate MRI has become an increasingly frequent examination faced in daily radiological practice and is usually acquired as either multiparametric or biparametric MRI of the prostate.
This article aims to outline the concept of an MRI protocol for the assessment of the prostate.
Recommendatio...
Article
Crossed renal ectopia
Crossed renal ectopia is said to be present when the kidney is seen in the opposite retroperitoneal space. It is more common for the left kidney to be ectopically located on the right side. More than 85% of these get fused resulting in crossed fused renal ectopia. Less than 15% cases are non-fus...
Article
Priapism
Priapism (rarely penile priapism, to differentiate from the very rare clitoral priapism) is a prolonged erection that persists beyond or is not related to sexual stimulation. Imaging, particularly Doppler ultrasound, can help distinguish between ischemic (low-flow) priapism, which is a urologic ...
Article
Extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer
Extraprostatic (extracapsular) extension of prostate cancer refers to local tumor growth beyond the fibromuscular pseudocapsule of the prostate gland into the periprostatic soft tissues, in particular, the periprostatic fat and is an established adverse prognostic factor and of importance for pr...
Article
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer ranks as the most common primary malignant tumor in men and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Prostatic adenocarcinoma is by far the most common histological type and is the primary focus of this article.
Epidemiology
It is primarily a disease of the...
Article
Ureteric calculi
Ureteric calculi or stones are those lying within the ureter, at any point from the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) to the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ). They are the classic cause of renal colic-type abdominal pain. They are a subtype of the broader pathology of urolithiasis.
Epidemiology
The li...
Article
Perineum
The perineum is a diamond-shaped region below the pelvic diaphragm and is divided by an imaginary line drawn between the ischial tuberosities into anteriorly the urogenital triangle and posteriorly the anal triangle.
Gross anatomy
The perineum is bounded by the pubis anteriorly, the ischial tu...
Article
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor
Juxtaglomerular cell tumors, also known as reninomas, are uncommon renal tumor of the juxtaglomerular cells. The tumor cells secrete renin and often cause severe hypertension and hypokalemia.
Epidemiology
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor affect all age groups, but are most common in adolescents and ...
Article
CT guided adrenal biopsy
CT guided adrenal biopsy is usually performed for the diagnosis of indeterminate adrenal nodules or tumors. This procedure has declined in recent years due to improvements in, and validation of, non-invasive CT and MR techniques that can now diagnose benign adrenal lesions with a high degree of ...
Article
Duplex collecting system
A duplex collecting system, or duplicated collecting system, is one of the most common congenital renal tract abnormalities. It is characterized by an incomplete fusion of upper and lower pole moieties resulting in a variety of complete or incomplete duplications of the collecting system. While ...
Article
Prostate cancer (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Prostate cancer, also called carcinoma of the prostate or prostate carcinoma, is the commonest malignant tumor in men. It is primarily a disease of old age and many men remain asymptomatic.
Reference article
This is a su...
Article
Accessory renal artery
Accessory renal arteries are a common variant of the renal arteries. They are present in ~25% (range 20-30%) of the population and bilateral in ~10% 1. Accurate identification is of utmost importance for surgical planning prior to live donor transplantation 2,3 and renal artery embolization for ...
Article
CT abdomen (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
CT abdomen is an increasingly common investigation that is used to help make diagnoses of a broad range of pathologies. A CT abdomen in its simplest form is a CT from diaphragm to symphysis pubis performed 60 seconds after ...
Article
MRI targeted prostate biopsy
MRI targeted prostate biopsy refers to an imaging targeted technique rather than the traditional systematic approach of a prostate biopsy after respective imaging with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate.
As a consequence of advances with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate in t...
Article
Urethral stricture
Urethral strictures are relatively common and typically occur either in the setting of trauma or infection.
Epidemiology
The demographics of the affected population is dictated by the etiology, but in general, it is safe to say that adult males make up the vast majority of cases.
Clinical pre...
Article
Pelviureteric junction obstruction
Pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction/stenosis, also known as ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction/stenosis, can be one of the causes of obstructive uropathy. It can be congenital or acquired with a congenital pelviureteric junction obstruction being one of the commonest causes of antenat...
Article
Crossed fused renal ectopia
Crossed fused renal ectopia refers to an anomaly where the kidneys are fused and located on the same side of the midline.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is around 1 out of 1000 births 1. There is a recognized male predilection with a 2:1 male to female ratio. More than 90% of crossed ren...
Article
RENAL nephrometry scoring system
The RENAL nephrometry scoring system was developed to categorize renal masses into low, intermediate and high complexity, based on cross-sectional imaging findings. Its purpose is to aid in decision making, patient counseling, surgical planning, and patient follow-up, as well as academic reporti...
Article
Renal artery pseudoaneurysm
Renal artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon vascular finding, with the majority occuring after a renal intervention.
Pathology
A renal artery pseudoaneurysm differs from a renal artery true aneurysm (as might occur in fibromuscular dysplasia) in that it does not involve all three layers of the a...
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