31 results found
Case
Scoliosis
Published
21 Sep 2023
82% complete
X-ray
Case
Infantile vertebral scoliosis
Published
26 Sep 2018
97% complete
X-ray
Case
Severe thoracic scoliosis
Published
31 Jan 2021
82% complete
X-ray
Case
Mild thoracic scoliosis
Published
18 Oct 2016
54% complete
X-ray
Article
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (thoracic manifestations)
Thoracic manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), or von Recklinghausen disease, are related to pulmonary and mediastinal features of this multisystem neurocutaneous disorder, which is the most common phakomatosis.
For thoracic manifestations involving the skeleton, such as focal thora...
Article
Unilateral hypertransradiant hemithorax (mnemonic)
Unilateral hypertransradiancy is the correct term for the chest radiograph appearance of increased blackness affecting one lung. Hyperlucency is a commonly used alternative but is inaccurate; the chest is not penetrated by light!
A logical approach begins by checking for:
technical factors
pa...
Article
Chest (lateral view)
The lateral chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum, and great vessels.
Indications
This orthogonal view to a frontal chest radiograph may be performed as an adjunct in cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty. The lateral chest view can be particularly useful in as...
Article
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy first described in the Mediterranean region. The genetic defect causes a reduction in the rate of globin chain synthesis which causes the formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecules. The resultant microcytic anemia is the characteristic prese...
Article
Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall
A mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall is a very rare benign chest wall tumor. It is sometimes classified as a non-neoplastic developmental anomaly rather than a tumor.
Epidemiology
They typically present in neonates or infants 1-3.
Clinical presentation
Many present with a chest wall mas...
Article
Restrictive lung disease
Restrictive lung disease (or a restrictive ventilatory defect) is a physiological spirometric term given to a heterogeneous group of conditions that result in restricted lung expansion. It is not equal to but can be related to pulmonary fibrosis as extrapulmonary e.g. thoracic wall conditions ca...
Article
Assessment of pulmonary hila on chest x-ray (approach)
The assessment of the pulmonary hila on chest x-ray is important for detecting potential mediastinal and lung pathology.
Several features of the hilum and hilar point can be assessed:
shape
normally appear as K or C-shapes on either side
contents: pulmonary arteries and veins, bronchi, lymph...
Article
Air trapping
Air trapping is the retention of excess gas in lung distal to one or more obstructed airways. Subnormal reduction in volume and subnormal increase in attenuation on end-expiratory CT are diagnostic findings and the affected areas are typically sharply demarcated. Reactive vasoconstriction is oft...
Article
Hyperimmunoglobulin IgE syndrome
Hyperimmunoglobulin E (hyper IgE) syndrome (HIES), also known as Job syndrome, consists of a heterogeneous group of complex hereditary combined B- and T-cell immune deficiency diseases characterized by recurrent Staphylococcus aureus chest infections, characteristic coarse facial appearance and ...
Article
Small lung volume (differential diagnosis)
The following differential diagnoses can be considered when small lung volumes are seen:
pulmonary fibrosis
prior surgery, e.g. lobectomy, lung volume reduction surgery
pleural disease, e.g. pleural thickening
skeletal deformities, e.g. kyphosis, scoliosis
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...
Article
Congenital heart disease chest x-ray (an approach)
With the advent of echocardiography, and cardiac CT and MRI, the role of chest x-rays in evaluating congenital heart disease has been largely relegated to one of historical and academic interest. However, they continue to crop up in radiology exams. In most instances a definite diagnosis cannot ...
Article
Ganglioneuroma
Ganglioneuromas are fully differentiated neuronal tumors that do not contain immature elements and potentially occur anywhere along with the peripheral autonomic ganglion sites.
On imaging, usually, they present as well-defined solid masses and can be quite large at presentation. Generally, th...
Article
Pectus excavatum
Pectus excavatum, also known as funnel chest or trichterbrust 13, is a congenital chest wall deformity characterized by concave depression of the sternum, resulting in cosmetic and radiographic alterations.
Epidemiology
It is the most common chest wall deformity, accounting for approximately 9...
Article
Coarctation of the aorta
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) refers to a narrowing of the aortic lumen.
Epidemiology
Coarctations account for between 5-8% of all congenital heart defects. They are more frequent in males, M:F ratio of ~2-3:1.
Associations
As with many congenital abnormalities, coarctation of the aorta is ...
Article
Currarino-Silverman syndrome
Currarino-Silverman syndrome, also known as pectus carinatum type 2 deformity, is a rare disorder which includes a high type pectus carinatum.
Clinical presentation
Patients present with a high carinate chest deformity due to a premature fusion of the manubriosternal joint and sternal ossifica...
Article
Pectus carinatum
Pectus carinatum, otherwise known as a pigeon chest, refers to a chest wall deformity in which the sternum protrudes anteriorly. It is less common than pectus excavatum.
Epidemiology
Associations
scoliosis (common) 2
cyanotic congenital heart disease (uncommon)
Marfan syndrome
familial occ...
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