470 results
Article
Ureter
The ureter is a paired fibromuscular tube that conveys urine from the kidneys in the abdomen to the bladder in the pelvis.
Gross anatomy
The ureter is 25-30 cm long and has three parts:
abdominal ureter: from the renal pelvis to the pelvic brim
pelvic ureter: from the pelvic brim to the bla...
Article
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia is a form of skeletal dysplasia mainly involving the spine and proximal epiphyses.
Clinical presentation
short neck
short trunk with protruding abdomen
normal IQ
spine
atlantoaxial instability
craniovertebral junction stenosis
platyspondyly
scoliosis
exag...
Article
Peptic ulcer disease (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Peptic ulcer disease encompasses a number of entities that are the result of gastric mucosal ulceration secondary to the effects of gastric acid. Since the recognition of Helicobacter pylori as a common causative agent and ...
Article
Gastric wall fatty infiltration
Gastric wall fatty infiltration refers to an appearance seen on CT of the abdomen whereby the wall of the stomach is thickened due to infiltration of fat into the submucosa.
Although it can be seen in the context of Crohn disease it is more commonly seen in the asymptomatic general population. ...
Article
Lumbar spine (lateral view)
The lumbar spine lateral view images the lumbar spine which generally consists of five vertebrae (see: lumbosacral transitional vertebra).
Indications
This projection shows an orthogonal view of the AP/PA view and is utilized in many imaging contexts including trauma, postoperatively, and for ...
Article
MR enterography
MR enterography (MRE), also known as MRI small bowel study, is a non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of small bowel disorders.
Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specifics will vary depending on MRI hardware and software, radiologist's...
Article
Shock thyroid
Shock thyroid is an uncommon part of the hypovolemic shock complex.
It was initially described in 2006 as heterogeneous thyroid contrast enhancement and fluid surrounding the thyroid on trauma CT of shocked patients without evidence for direct thyroid injury 2. Only eight cases have been descr...
Article
Peter Mansfield
Sir Peter Mansfield (1933-2017) was an English physicist best known for his research into, and development of MRI, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 1.
Early life
Peter Mansfield was born on the 9 October, 1933 in Lambeth, London. His father, Sidney wor...
Article
Intestinal malrotation
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anatomical anomaly that results from an abnormal rotation of the gut as it returns to the abdominal cavity during embryogenesis.
In incomplete rotation, the midgut does not rotate more than 180°, thus cephalad (prearterial or proximal) portion of the midgu...
Article
Familial Mediterranean fever
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (also known as recurrent polyserositis) is a genetic autoimmune condition that is notable for its spontaneous self-limiting acute episodes of fever and serositis, especially peritonitis and synovitis.
Epidemiology
Familial Mediterranean fever tends to be ethn...
Article
Alternatives (multiple choice questions)
Alternatives are part of multiple choice questions, comprising the options from which an examinee must choose the correct answer.
Each multiple choice question should have, ideally, 5 alternatives, one of which is the correct answer (the "key"). In some instances, 5 options are not appropriate...
Article
Split bolus technique
The split bolus technique is a CT imaging investigation used in patients with hematuria aiming to put together, in a single image acquisition, both the nephrographic and renal excretory phases and thus reducing the radiation dose of the study. It is a CT protocol adopted for some institutions fo...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (N)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter N and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Phrenic nerve palsy
Phrenic nerve palsy (also known as phrenic nerve paresis or paralysis) has many causes and can be caused by lesions anywhere along the course of the phrenic nerve, as it travels from the neck, to pierce the diaphragm adjacent to the pericardium.
Epidemiology
No single demographic is affected, ...
Article
Benign metastasizing meningioma
Benign metastasizing meningiomas are a rare occurrence, encountered as a complication of a tiny fraction of all meningiomas diagnosed. It refers to spread of the tumor via metastases to distant sites, analogous to benign metastasizing leiomyoma from uterine fibroids.
Epidemiology
The incidenc...
Article
CT intravenous contrast media
Intravenous contrast media used in CT (often shortened to IV contrast) are a type of contrast media. These are a large group of chemical preparations developed to aid in the characterization of pathology by improving the ability of an imaging modality to differentiate between different biologica...
Article
Gastric pacemaker
Gastric pacemakers are electrical sitmulation devices implanted for the treatment of gastroparesis and obesity.
Either via laparoscopy or laparotomy electrodes are implanted in the desired location, a pulse generator is placed subcutaneously usually in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. C...
Article
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, presumably autoimmune in etiology, which carries an increased risk of malignancy. It is considered a distinct condition to anti-synthetase syndrome.
Epidemiology
There is a recognized female predilection. It has a bimodal age of presentat...
Article
Peritoneal stripe sign (pneumoperitoneum)
The peritoneal stripe sign in abdominal ultrasonography is considered indicative of intraperitoneal free air, present in pneumoperitoneum. Free air in the abdomen will collect in an anti-dependent manner, typically the anterior prehepatic space in the supine patient, settling against the parieta...
Article
Postmortem and forensic curriculum
The postmortem and forensic curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of topics that represent core knowledge pertaining to forensic and postmortem radiology.
Definitions
Postmortem radiology: the radiographic examination of the body after death.
Forensic radi...
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