345 results
Article
Solitary well-defined osteolytic lesion (differential)
Solitary well-defined osteolytic lesions can be seen with the following conditions 1,2:
subchondral geodes or cysts
intraosseous ganglion
intraosseous tophus (gout)
unicameral bone cyst
aneurysmal bone cyst
glomangioma
enchondroma
epidermoid inclusion cyst
chondroblastoma
non-ossifying...
Article
Fibrous dysplasia
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a developmental benign medullary fibro-osseous process characterized by the failure to form mature lamellar bone and arrest as woven bone that can be multifocal. It can affect any bone and occur in a monostotic form involving only one bone or a polyostotic form involvin...
Article
Meigs syndrome
Meigs syndrome is defined as the presence of ascites and pleural effusion in association with a benign, usually solid ovarian tumor, most commonly an ovarian fibroma.
Epidemiology
Most presentations occur in post-menopausal women with a peak incidence at ~70 years old. It is extremely rare in ...
Article
Tuberous sclerosis (diagnostic criteria)
The tuberous sclerosis diagnostic criteria have been developed to aid the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis and have been updated in 2012 by the International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group (at time of writing - 2019) 1.
Diagnosis
Genetic criteria
The identification of either a TSC...
Article
Pericardial tumors
There are a number of tumors that can involve the pericardium. They include
primary pericardial tumors
primary pericardial mesothelioma
pericardial sarcoma(s)
pericardial liposarcoma
pericardial fibrosarcoma
pericardial fibroma
primary pericardial lymphoma
pericardial hemangioma
pericar...
Article
Paget disease (bone)
Paget disease of the bone is a common, chronic metabolic bone disorder characterized by excessive abnormal bone remodeling. The classically described radiological appearances are expanded bone with a coarsened trabecular pattern. The pelvis, spine, skull, and proximal long bones are most frequen...
Article
Describing a bone lesion
Describing a bone lesion is an essential skill for the radiologist, used to form an accurate differential diagnosis for neoplastic entities, and occasionally non-neoplastic. In addition to patient demographics, the radiographic features of a bone lesion are often the primary determinant of non-h...
Article
Bony lesions without periostitis or pain (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to help remember bony lesions that have no pain or periostitis is:
E FUN
Mnemonic
E: enchondroma
F: fibrous dysplasia
U: unicameral bone cyst
N: non-ossifying fibroma
If periostitis or pain is present (assuming no trauma, which can be a foolhardy assumption), you can exclude E ...
Article
Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome
Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome is characterized by:
multiple non-ossifying fibromas of the long bones and jaw
café au lait spots
intellectual disability
kyphoscoliosis
hypogonadism or cryptorchidism
ocular malformations
cardiovascular malformations
giant cell granuloma of the jaw
axillary an...
Article
Pleural tumors
There are several tumors that can involve the pleura which can range from being benign to malignant (see malignancies of the pleura). The list includes:
primary pleural tumors 5
mesothelial tumors
pleural malignant mesothelioma
well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma
adenomatoid tumor of...
Article
Endosteal scalloping
Endosteal scalloping refers to the focal resorption of the inner layer of the cortex (i.e. the endosteum) of bones, most typically long bones, due to slow-growing medullary lesions 1.
It is important to note that although it is evidence of a slow non-infiltrative lesion, it does not equate to b...
Article
Broad ligament leiomyoma
Broad ligament leiomyomas are extra-uterine leiomyomas that occur in relation to the broad ligament.
Terminology
Broad ligament leiomyomas are also referred to as a type of parasitic leiomyomas 5.
Clinical presentation
While in most cases broad ligament leiomyomas are asymptomatic, patients...
Article
Solitary sclerotic bone lesion
Solitary sclerotic bone (osteosclerotic or osteoblastic) lesions are lesions of bone characterized by a higher density or attenuation on radiographs or computer tomography compared to the adjacent trabecular bone. However, a specific density range has not been specified for those terms 1.
Diffe...
Article
Ovarian lesions with T2 hypointensity
A hypointense ovarian lesion on T2 weighted MRI is usually a sign of benignity. The low signal is considered to be due to fibrosis and blood products 1.
Lesions that can give this appearance include 1:
endometrioma
Brenner tumor
ovarian fibroma
ovarian fibrothecoma
ovarian cystadenofibrom...
Article
Simple bone cyst
Simple bone cysts (SBC) are common benign non-neoplastic lucent bone lesions seen mainly in childhood and typically remain asymptomatic.
SBC accounts for the 'S' in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions FEGNOMASHIC.
Terminology
The term unicameral bone cysts (UBC) is no longer recommen...
Article
Adamantinoma
Adamantinomas are rare indolent malignant bone tumors with a predilection for the tibial diaphysis. Following excision, local recurrence can be problematic and may occur after an interval of decades. Lymphadenopathy and metastases complicate <30% of cases 12.
Terminology
Ameloblastomas, which ...
Article
Solid periosteal reaction
Solid periosteal pattern is thought to evolve from single layer and multilayered periosteal reactions, forming a solid layer of mature new bone adjacent to the cortex. It denotes a longstanding pathological process.
Differential diagnosis
osteoid osteoma
osteomyelitis
osteosarcoma
chondrosa...
Article
Benign lytic bone lesions that rarely occur in patients over 30 (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember five benign lytic lesions that rarely occur in patients over 30 years old
SCAN Everything
Mnemonic
S: simple bone cyst
C: chondroblastoma
A: aneurysmal bone cyst
N: non-ossifying fibroma (including fibrous cortical defect)
E: eosinophilic granuloma
In a patient old...
Article
Mixed lytic and sclerotic bone metastases
Mixed lytic and sclerotic bone (osteolytic and osteoblastic) metastases refer to metastatic bone disease with both sclerotic and lytic bone metastases or bone metastases with both components.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is established by proof of sclerotic and lytic bone metastases of one primary ...
Article
Knee radiograph (checklist)
The knee radiograph checklist is just one of the many pathology checklists that can be used when reporting to ensure that you always actively exclude pathology that is commonly missed; this is particularly helpful in the examination setting, e.g. the FRCR 2B rapid-reporting.
Radiograph
Knee ra...
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