1,718 results
Article
Trocar technique
The trocar technique is a common technique for surgical procedures and interventional placement of tubes and drainage where instruments, tubes or drains are advanced to the target location through a fixed cannula or hollow tube namely the trocar, which acts as a portal in the process.
History
...
Article
Vertebral pneumatocyst
Vertebral pneumatocysts are gas-filled cavities within the spinal vertebrae. They are most common at cervical levels. In general, vertebral pneumatocysts are less common than intraosseous pneumatocysts in the pelvis, especially adjacent to the sacroiliac joint.
Pathogenesis
Although not comple...
Article
Head and neck anatomy
Head and neck anatomy is important when considering pathology affecting the same area. In radiology, the 'head and neck' refers to all the anatomical structures in this region excluding the central nervous system, that is, the brain and spinal cord and their associated vascular structures and en...
Article
Tension pneumothorax
Tension pneumothoraces occur when intrapleural air accumulates progressively with hemodynamic compromise 10. It is a life-threatening occurrence requiring both rapid recognition and prompt treatment to avoid a cardiorespiratory arrest.
For a general discussion, refer to the pneumothorax article...
Article
Incisive canal
The maxillary incisive canal runs through the maxilla in the midline. It connects the inferior nasal cavity with the superior oral cavity, opening at the incisive foramen posterior to the central maxillary incisor teeth. It contains the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve.
Re...
Article
Synovial joints
Synovial joints are a type of joint with an articular capsule, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane, which surrounds a fluid-filled synovial cavity. The articulating surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage, designed to slide with little friction and to absorb com...
Article
Vacuum phenomenon in shoulder
Vacuum phenomenon in the shoulder refers to the presence of intra-articular gas in the shoulder joint. It is a very common occurrence, particularly in external rotation. This can cause circular or linear areas of low signal intensity on GRE MR images of the shoulder obtained with external rotati...
Article
Pulmonary mycobacterium abscessus infection
Pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infection is a type of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection where the causative organism is Mycobacterium abscessus.
Clinical presentation
Pulmonary disease is often indolent, but progressive causing persistent symptoms, a decline of pulmonary fun...
Article
Acute invasive fungal sinusitis
Acute invasive fungal sinusitis is the most aggressive form of fungal sinusitis. It is seen particularly in immunocompromised patients and is the source of significant morbidity and mortality. It should be distinguished from the other two forms of invasive fungal sinusitis, chronic invasive fung...
Article
Chronic otomastoiditis with tympanosclerosis
Chronic otomastoiditis with tympanosclerosis represents calcific foci within the middle ear or tympanic membrane secondary to suppurative chronic otomastoiditis.
Pathology
Tympanosclerosis reflects deposits of hyalinized collagen in the tympanic cavity. It can manifest as unifocal or multifoca...
Article
Tension pneumothorax (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Tension pneumothoraces are pneumothoraces under pressure. If the pressure gets high enough, the pneumothorax can compress the heart and great vessels, and even cause cardiac arrest.
Clinical presentation
Presentation is u...
Article
Haematometrium
A haematometrium refers to retention of blood into the endometrial cavity due to obstruction at the level of the uterus, cervix, or vagina.
Primary haematometrium occurs in young women, usually due to congenital anomalies such as an imperforate hymen or a non-communicating Müllerian duct. Secon...
Article
Peritoneal loose body
Peritoneal loose bodies or peritoneal mice are calcified pieces of necrotic tissue found in the peritoneal cavity. They are usually asymptomatic and small, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 cm in size, but rarely may be up to 5 to 10 cm in size.
Clinical presentation
Loose bodies are usually asymptomat...
Article
Maxillary torus
Maxillary tori (cf. mandibular tori) are common benign outgrowths of bone from the maxilla which may project both inwards or outwards from the alveolar bone. They typically also arise from the hard palate in the midline, in which case they are called tori palatini. They are usually bilateral.
C...
Article
Tongue
The tongue is a complex, principally muscular structure that extends from the oral cavity to the oropharynx. It has important roles in speech, swallowing and taste.
Gross anatomy
The tongue has a tip, dorsum, inferior surface and root. The tongue is made of a midline lingual septum and hyoglo...
Article
Rudimentary otocyst
Rudimentary otocyst, or otocyst deformity, is a type of congenital inner ear malformation characterized by a small otic capsule remnant not connected to the brainstem.
Clinical presentation
These ears show profound sensorineural hearing loss 1.
Pathology
Rudimentary otocyst represents an ano...
Article
Nasopharyngeal masses (mnemonic)
A mnemonic for causes of nasopharyngeal masses is:
SAIL
Mnemonic
S: squamous cell carcinoma
A: antrochoanal polyp (extending from sinonasal cavity)
I: inverted papilloma (extending from sinonasal cavity)
L: lymphoma
Article
Abdominal aorta
The abdominal aorta (plural: aortas or aortae 4) is the main blood vessel in the abdominal cavity that transmits oxygenated blood from the thoracic cavity to the organs within the abdomen and to the lower limbs.
Summary
origin: continuation of descending thoracic aorta at T12
course: descend...
Article
Osteoma
Osteomas are benign bone tumors that most commonly occur in the head. When occurring in the medullary cavity osteomas are called bone islands 5.
Terminology
Osteoma is the preferred terminology with ivory exostosis, parosteal osteoma, and maxillary/mandibular torus not recommended per the WHO ...
Article
Fetal chylothorax
Fetal chylothorax is defined as the presence of lymphatic fluid within the pleural cavity of the fetus.
Pathology
Associations
pulmonary hypoplasia
hydrops fetalis
premature delivery
Radiographic features
Antenatal ultrasound
may show echogenic fluid in the pleural cavities
Treatment
S...
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