Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
699 results found
Article
Thoracolumbar spine fracture
Thoracolumbar spine fractures are often the result of significant blunt trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or falling from a height. Fractures in this region range from non-complex to highly complex and will vary in prognosis.
Epidemiology
Males are affected more commonly than females wit...
Article
Meyers and McKeever classification of ACL avulsion fractures
Meyers and McKeever classification of ACL avulsion fractures is the most frequently employed system to describe ACL avulsion fractures.
Classification
Under the Meyers and McKeever system (with modifications by Zaricznyj) injuries are classified into four main types:
type 1: minimally/nondisp...
Article
Pilon fracture of the hand
The pilon fracture of the hand is a comminuted, intraarticular fracture involving a proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand. The fracture is generally reported to involve the more ulnar digits and the pattern is considered unstable with case reports documenting poor outcomes.
Pathology
The...
Article
Intermediary injury
Intermediary injuries or intermediary contusions affect the basal ganglia and/or thalami and are uncommon manifestations of diffuse axonal injury associated with a poor prognosis.
Terminology
The term is not widely used and they are known as intermediary because they occur between coup and con...
Article
McAfee classification of thoracolumbar spinal fractures
McAfee classification of acute traumatic spinal injuries is one of a number of thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems and is based on the three-column concept of the spine (of Denis). It requires CT for an accurate assessment.
Usage
Unlike the more common formal and widely used c...
Article
Spinal wedge fracture
Spinal wedge (compression) fractures are hyperflexion injuries to the vertebral body resulting from axial loading. Most commonly affecting the anterior aspect of the vertebral body, wedge fractures are considered a single-column (i.e. stable) fracture.
Epidemiology
Spinal wedge compression fr...
Article
Ankle fractures
Ankle fractures account for ~10% of fractures encountered in trauma, preceded only in incidence by proximal femoral fractures in the lower limb. They have a bimodal presentation, involving young males and older females. Ankle injuries play a major part in functional impairment after multi or pol...
Article
Shoulder (Velpeau view)
The Velpeau view of the glenohumeral joint is a modified axial projection performed in the context of shoulder immobilization.
Indications
This projection is performed on patients with a shoulder sling (Velpeau bandage) in place, often in the context of post-operative or a post-reduction prese...
Article
Battle sign (base of skull fracture)
Battle sign is an eponymous term given to mastoid ecchymosis (bruising of the scalp overlying the mastoid process) and is strongly suggestive of a base of skull fracture, most commonly a petrous temporal bone fracture.
History and etymology
Mr William Henry Battle (1855-1936) was an English s...
Article
Fall onto an outstretched hand
Fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) is a common mechanism for traumatic disruption of the osseous and ligamentous structures of the wrist, forearm and elbow. Some commonly recognized patterns of injury include;
distal radial fractures
Colles fracture
Smith fracture
Barton fracture
Chauff...
Article
Dental luxation
Dental luxation is a common manifestation of dental trauma and may be associated with socket fractures.
Pathology
Dental luxation is a general term encompassing 1:
concussion: tender tooth, no loosening/displacement
subluxation: tender tooth, loosening without displacement
extrusive luxat...
Article
Lumbar spine fracture
Lumbar spine fractures are often a result of significant blunt trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or a fall from height. Non-traumatic causes include osteoporotic and pathological fractures.
Epidemiology
Traumatic fractures are more common in males. The risk of osteoporotic fractures incre...
Article
Metacarpophalangeal joint dislocation
Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) dislocations are uncommon dislocations of the hand.
Epidemiology
Metacarpophalangeal joint dislocations account for ~3-5% of all dislocations 1,2.
The thumb is the most commonly affect digit, followed by the little finger 2.
Clinical presentation
The initial...
Article
Degloving soft tissue injury
Degloving soft tissue injuries can be extensive and quite severe conditions. These may be open or, less commonly, closed injuries, which are known as Morel-Lavallée lesions. This article focuses on open injuries, with closed injuries discussed in the Morel-Lavallée article.
Terminology
"Deglo...
Article
Pneumothorax in supine projection
A pneumothorax does not display classical signs when a patient is positioned supine for a chest radiograph as commonly occurs in acute trauma or the critical care setting. Of course, pneumothoraces are common in both these scenarios and even relatively small pneumothoraces may be significant due...
Article
Tension hemothorax
A tension hemothorax refers to a hemothorax that exerts a considerable mass effect. It often results from massive intrathoracic hemorrhage and often causes ipsilateral lung compression and mediastinal displacement.
Article
Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) is a common injury, and trauma is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) 5.
Epidemiology
Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs in ~35% (range 11-60%) of traumatic brain injuries 1.
Pathology
Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is mo...
Article
Volar plate avulsion injury
Volar plate avulsion injuries are a type of avulsion injury. The volar plate of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is vulnerable to hyperextension injury, in the form of either a ligament tear or an intra-articular fracture.
Gross anatomy
The volar plate forms the floor of the PIP joint ...
Article
Eaton classification of volar plate avulsion injury
The Eaton classification can be used to classify volar plate avulsion injuries of the fingers.
Usage
Along with the Keifhaber-Stern classification, this classification is considered (c. 2016) one of the most useful classifications for the management of volar plate avulsion injuries 2.
Knowle...
Article
Abdominal compartment syndrome
Abdominal compartment syndrome is a disease defined by the presence of new end-organ dysfunction secondary to elevated intra-abdominal pressure. Radiological diagnosis is difficult and usually suggested when a collection of imaging findings are present in the appropriate clinical setting or if t...
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