470 results
Article
Fetal omental cyst
A fetal omental cyst is a type of fetal enteric cyst.
Pathology
The most common type of omental cyst is considered a lymphangioma 2.
Radiographic features
Antenatal ultrasound
May be seen in an intra-abdominal cyst without any associated color flow. Omental cysts tend to be typically found...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (N)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter N and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Colonic anastomotic leak
Colonic anastomotic leaks can occur in the early or late postoperative phase when an enteric anastomosis fails. This results in the leak of intraluminal content extraluminally 4.
Terminology
If an anastomotic leak occurs within 30 days post-operation, it is termed an "early" anastomotic leak,...
Article
CT cystography
CT cystography is a variation of the traditional fluoroscopic cystogram. Instead of anterograde opacification of the urinary collecting system (as with CT urography), contrast is instilled retrograde into the patient's bladder, and then the pelvis is imaged with CT.
Indications
suspected bladd...
Article
Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI
Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-MRI) is an advanced imaging technique that combines anatomical and functional MRI sequences to provide a comprehensive assessment of the whole-body in a single examination.
WB-MRI uses the properties of diffusion-weighted imaging for oncological disease sta...
Article
Medical devices in the limbs
Medical devices in the limbs are regularly observed by radiologists on plain film, CT and MRI reporting. Most commonly they include orthopedic hardware.
Orthopedic
joint replacement hardware (arthroplasty)
joint fusion hardware (arthrodesis)
internal fixation hardware (ORIF)
external fixati...
Article
Airway foreign bodies in children
Airway foreign bodies in children are potentially fatal, which is why immediate recognition is important. Unfortunately, delayed diagnosis is common.
Epidemiology
Children under the age of four years have an increased risk of foreign body (FB) aspiration, with a slight male predominance 1.
C...
Article
Single contrast enema
A single contrast enema is a method of imaging the colon with fluoroscopy and is similar in concept to the double contrast barium enema. "Single contrast" refers to imaging with a positive contrast medium, either barium or water-soluble contrast, without the addition of air or CO2.
Indications
...
Article
Trauma
The term trauma (plural: traumas) or traumatic injury refers to damage or harm of sudden onset caused by external factors or forces requiring medical attention.
Polytrauma or multiple trauma has been defined as a pattern of potentially life-threatening injuries involving at least two body regio...
Article
Round ligament varicosities
Round ligament varicosities are dilated and tortuous veins in the round ligament, these are rare although most commonly seen during pregnancy and the postpartum period. They constitute an important differential diagnosis for inguinal masses as to avoid unnecessary surgery and associated complica...
Article
Groin pain
Groin pain is a symptom manifesting in a wide spectrum of clinical disorders and diseases in athletes and non-athletes.
The Doha agreement in 2014 identified and classified groin pain in athletes and defined the following clinical entities 1, 2:
adductor-related, pubic-related, inguinal-relate...
Article
Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilised ovum outside of the uterine cavity.
Epidemiology
The overall incidence has increased over the last few decades and is thought to affect 1-2% of pregnancies. The risk is as high as 18% for first-trimester pregnancies with bleeding 15....
Article
Ureteric stent
Ureteric stents, also known as ureteral stents, double J stents, JJ stents or retrograde ureteric stents, are urological catheters that have two "J-shaped" (curled) ends, where one is anchored in the renal pelvis and the other inside the bladder.
Stents are used for the free passage of urine fr...
Article
Fleischner Society pulmonary nodule recommendations
The Fleischner Society pulmonary nodule recommendations pertain to the follow-up and management of indeterminate pulmonary nodules detected incidentally on CT and are published by the Fleischner Society. The guideline does not apply to lung cancer screening, patients younger than 35 years, or pa...
Article
Thoracic endometriosis
Thoracic endometriosis is an uncommon location for endometriosis and the main cause of catamenial pneumothorax.
Epidemiology
Most often occurs in the third and fourth decades of life 3.
Clinical presentation
Symptoms may include:
catamenial pleuritic chest pain
catamenial hemoptysis: when...
Article
Penetrating abdominopelvic trauma
Penetrating abdominopelvic trauma usually occurs in the setting of gunshot and stab injuries and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. CT is the modality of choice in imaging if the patient is stable enough before surgery. The most common injuries include small bowel, large bowel, liv...
Article
Anode heel effect
Anode heel effect refers to the lower field intensity towards the anode in comparison to the cathode due to lower x-ray emissions from the target material at angles perpendicular to the electron beam.
Basic concept
The conversion of the electron beam into x-rays doesn’t simply occur at the sur...
Article
Iliohypogastric nerve
The iliohypogastric nerve arises from the anterior ramus of the L1 nerve root of the lumbar plexus along with the ilioinguinal nerve. It is a sensory nerve that provides lateral and anterior cutaneous branches supplying the posterolateral gluteal skin and skin in the pubic region.
Gross anatomy...
Article
Stomach
The stomach is a muscular organ that lies between the esophagus and duodenum in the upper abdomen. It lies on the left side of the abdominal cavity caudal to the diaphragm at the level of T10.
Gross anatomy
The stomach ("normal" empty volume 45 mL) is divided into distinct regions:
cardia: th...
Article
Ilioinguinal nerve
The ilioinguinal nerve arises from the anterior ramus of the L1 nerve root from the lumbar plexus along with the iliohypogastric nerve. The predominantly sensory nerve eventually passes through the superficial inguinal ring to provide cutaneous sensation to the upper medial thigh, mons pubis and...
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