Search results for “COPD”
548 results found
Article
Deep sulcus sign (chest)
The deep sulcus sign on a supine chest radiograph raises suspicion of a pneumothorax.
On a supine chest radiograph (common in intensive care units or as part of a trauma radiograph series), it may be the only suggestion of a pneumothorax because air collects anteriorly and basally, within the n...
Article
Bronchioles
Bronchioles are the branches of the tracheobronchial tree that by definition, are lacking in submucosal hyaline cartilage.
Gross anatomy
The bronchioles typically begin beyond the tertiary segmental bronchi and are described as conducting bronchioles. Following the tertiary segmental bronchi,...
Article
Emphysema (disambiguation)
Emphysema refers to any disease process involving an abnormal accumulation of air/gas in the tissues. When used alone, it is usually taken to mean the lung disease, pulmonary emphysema, which forms part of the spectrum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
gastric emphysema: include...
Article
Diffuse tracheal narrowing
Conditions associated with diffuse tracheal narrowing or collapse include (in alphabetical order):
amyloidosis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): saber sheath trachea
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
relapsing polychondritis
sarcoidosis
tracheobronchial tuberculosis 3
tracheoma...
Article
Chest (supine view)
The supine anteroposterior chest view is the alternative to the PA view and the AP erect view when the patient is generally too unwell to tolerate standing, leaving the bed, or sitting 1. The supine view is of lesser quality than both the AP erect and the PA view for many reasons, yet sometimes ...
Article
Right ventricular enlargement
Right ventricular enlargement (also known as right ventricular dilatation (RVD)) can be the result of a number of conditions, including:
pulmonary valve stenosis
pulmonary arterial hypertension
atrial septal defect (ASD)
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
tricuspid regurgitation
dilated card...
Article
Pneumothorax (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Pneumothorax (pl: pneumothoraces) describes gas within the pleural space. This may occur because of a number of reasons and may be spontaneous. Patients will not always be symptomatic and treatment will depend on the cause....
Article
Tracheal web
A tracheal web is a membrane that narrows the tracheal lumen, sometimes perforated.
Epidemiology
The incidence of congenital tracheal web is 1:10,000 births. In adults, tracheal webs can form following infection, inflammation or intubation.
Clinical presentation
Clinical features depend on t...
Article
Pneumothorax in supine projection
A pneumothorax does not display classical signs when a patient is positioned supine for a chest radiograph as commonly occurs in acute trauma or the critical care setting. Of course, pneumothoraces are common in both these scenarios and even relatively small pneumothoraces may be significant due...
Article
Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score
The Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score (BRICS) is a severity assessment score for bronchiectasis, developed from a cohort of patients with idiopathic and postinfectious bronchiectasis, and was developed by combining the parameters of bronchial dilatation and number of bronchopulmonar...
Article
Thoracic histoplasmosis
Thoracic (or pulmonary) histoplasmosis refers to pulmonary manifestations from infection with the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum which is an organism endemic to the Central American state of El Salvador but can be found widely in other parts of both North and South America. It can have variable c...
Article
Symptomatic pneumothorax (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Pneumothoraces (singular: pneumothorax) are collections of gas within the pleural space. If the pneumothorax is under pressure, it is called a tension pneumothorax.
Reference article
This is a summary article; read more i...
Article
Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale refers to altered structure and function of the right ventricle due to chronic lung disease-related pulmonary hypertension (group 3). The mechanism involves hypoxic vasoconstriction which leads to permanent changes in the pulmonary vascular bed. Cor pulmonale generally progresses s...
Article
Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome
Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome refers to the concomitant occurrence of dyspnea and hypoxemia, respectively, which are precipitated by assuming an upright position and alleviated by assuming a recumbent position 4.
Clinical presentation
As the name of the syndrome suggests, the hallmark clinic...
Article
Pulmonary haemophilus influenzae infection
Pulmonary haemophilus influenzae (Hi) infection refers to infection of lung with Haemophilus influenzae, a small gram-negative cocco-bacillus.
Terminology
Haemophilus (from the Greek, ‘blood-loving’) requires erythrocyte factors for growth. Hi was first isolated in the 1890s and was so named b...
Article
Tracheomalacia
Tracheomalacia, or sometimes described as tracheobronchomalacia, is a common incidental finding on imaging of the chest of older patients and manifests as an increase in tracheal diameter as well as a tendency to collapse on expiration.
Tracheomalacia can be broadly considered as being congenit...
Article
Trachea
The trachea, known colloquially as the windpipe, connects the upper respiratory tract to the lungs via the tracheobronchial tree, enabling gas exchange.
Gross anatomy
The trachea is a tube-shaped structure consisting of 15-20 D-shaped cartilage rings anterolaterally bridged by annular ligament...
Article
Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection
Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection refers to pulmonary infection caused by one of the large number (at least 150) mycobacterial species other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, certain species are much more common than others.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
chronic lung...
Article
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Pneumococcal pneumonia is a common lung infection caused by the organism Streptococcus pneumoniae (a.k.a. pneumococcus).
Epidemiology
Pneumococcus accounted for around 95% of pneumonia cases in the pre-antibiotic, pre-vaccination era. Conjugate vaccinations were introduced in 2000. These prote...
Article
Pulmonary gas embolism
Pulmonary gas emboli are a specific type of pulmonary emboli that, while rare, should be kept in mind especially with the use of automatic injectors and interventional procedures. The seriousness of the problem will depend on both the amount and rate of injected air in the circulatory system.
C...
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