Search results for “also”
359 results found
Article
Odontoid fracture
Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2.
Pathology
The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5.
Classification
There are two...
Article
Trauma in pregnancy
Trauma is a leading cause of mortality in pregnancy. Pregnancy increases the incidence and severity of abdominal trauma in females.
Epidemiology
Trauma affects up to 7% of pregnancies, and the incidence of pregnancy in level 1 trauma patients is estimated to be ~2% 1.
Pathology
Etiology
9...
Article
Tillaux-Chaput tubercle fracture
Tillaux-Chaput tubercle fractures or distal anterior tibial tubercle fractures are avulsion injuries affecting the tibial origin of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament 1-5. As a counterpart to the Tillaux fracture in adolescents, they can occur in adults in association with other ankle f...
Article
Starfield pattern (fat embolism)
A starfield pattern has been described as being typical of DWI of patients with cerebral fat embolism 1,2. Although the term is closely linked to the diagnosis of fat embolism, it should be noted that such an appearance is merely the result of very numerous microemboli. As such, a similar patter...
Article
Suspected physical abuse (head injury)
Suspected physical abuse, also known as non-accidental injury (NAI), can result in a range of head injuries.
Pathology
Infants have a relatively large head size as compared to their body mass, weak neck muscles, large subarachnoid space, relatively flat skull base and pliable, thin skull. The ...
Article
Jefferson classification
The Jefferson classification of atlas (C1) fractures describes the sites of fracture.
Classification
The original Jefferson classification had descriptions without numbers 1. The types were later assigned to numbers by some authors but the order has been inconsistent 2,3. Therefore, referring ...
Article
Inferior shoulder dislocation
An inferior shoulder dislocation is the least common form of shoulder dislocation. The condition is also called luxatio erecta because the arm appears to be permanently held upward, in fixed abduction. The patient will often present with their hand placed on the head or near it.
Pathology
It i...
Article
Acute abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain is a common acute presentation in clinical practice. It encompasses a very broad range of possible etiologies and diagnoses, and imaging is routinely employed as the primary investigative tool in its modern management.
Terminology
A subgroup of patients with acute abdomina...
Article
Perthes lesion
Perthes lesion of the shoulder is one of the types of anterior glenohumeral injury in which the anterior inferior labrum is torn and lifted from the edge of the glenoid 1 but still attached to the intact lifted periosteum from the anterior aspect of the glenoid. Although the labrum may be normal...
Article
Pneumomediastinum
Pneumomediastinum is the presence of extraluminal gas within the mediastinum. Gas may originate from the lungs, trachea, central bronchi, esophagus, and peritoneal cavity and track from the mediastinum to the neck or abdomen. Tension pneumomediastinum is potentially fatal.
Terminology
In the s...
Article
Subcutaneous emphysema
Subcutaneous emphysema (also known commonly, although less correctly, as surgical emphysema), strictly speaking, refers to gas in the subcutaneous tissues. But the term is generally used to describe any soft tissue emphysema of the body wall or limbs since the gas often dissects into the deeper ...
Article
Avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal styloid
Avulsion fractures of the 5th metatarsal styloid, also known as a pseudo-Jones fracture or a dancer fracture, are one of the more common foot avulsion injuries and account for over 90% of fractures of the base of the 5th metatarsal.
Terminology
Despite what should be a simple entity, controver...
Article
Orbital blow-out fracture
Orbital blow-out fractures occur when there is a fracture of one of the walls of orbit but the orbital rim remains intact. This is typically caused by a direct blow to the central orbit from a fist or ball.
Epidemiology
The blow-out fracture is the most common type of orbital fracture and is u...
Article
Thoracic aortic injury
Thoracic aortic injury is the most common type of traumatic aortic injury and is a critical life-threatening, and often life-ending event.
Clinical presentation
Approximately 80% of patients with thoracic aortic injury die at the scene of the trauma. In those who make it to hospital, clinical...
Article
Olecranon fracture
Olecranon fractures are clinically and radiographically obvious, and usually require open reduction and internal fixation.
Mechanism
Olecranon fractures occur as the result of one of four mechanisms 2:
direct blow (or fall directly on the elbow)
fall on outstretched hand with elbow flexed
a...
Article
Diffuse axonal injury
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), also known as traumatic axonal injury (TAI), is a severe form of traumatic brain injury due to shearing forces. It is a potentially difficult diagnosis to make on imaging alone, especially on CT as the finding can be subtle, but it has the potential to result in seve...
Article
Posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. This typically involves the separation of the posterior tibial insertion of the PCL to variable degrees.
Pathology
These injuries are commonly se...
Article
Extension teardrop fracture
Extension teardrop fracture typically occurs due to forced extension of the neck with resulting avulsion of the anteroinferior corner of the vertebral body. Extension teardrop fractures are stable in flexion and unstable in extension as the anterior longitudinal ligament is disrupted. Extension ...
Article
Pulmonary fat embolism
Pulmonary fat embolism is a specific subtype of pulmonary embolism where the embolic particles are composed of fat.
Pathology
It usually occurs in the context of a long bone fracture and may occur in 1-3% of patients with simple tibial or femoral fractures and up to 20-33% of individuals with ...
Article
Buckle rib fracture
Buckle rib fractures are incomplete fractures involving only the inner cortex. They typically occur due to an anterior compressive force to the chest, most commonly during external cardiac massage, but can be seen following any such traumatic injury.
Pathology
Buckle rib fractures occur in all...
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