469 results
Article
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra. With the exception of the urethra, this is the same in both males and females. It spans the abdomen and pelvis, from the upper abdomen to the extreme pelvis, being inextricably linked with the genital system.
The urinary ...
Article
Cullen sign
Cullen sign refers to superficial edema visible as periumbilical discolouration and is most commonly seen in patients with acute pancreatitis 1-3.
Clinical presentation
Clinically patients with pancreatitis present with epigastric pain that radiates to the umbilical/periumbilical region and th...
Article
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) (historically also known as hypernephroma or Grawitz tumor) are primary malignant adenocarcinomas derived from the renal tubular epithelium and are the most common malignant renal tumor. They usually occur in 50-70-year old patients and macroscopic hematuria occurs in...
Article
Fetal MRI
Fetal MRI allows for detailed imaging of the developing fetus in utero. Fast sequences are required due to fetal movement 1. Fetal MRI is most commonly utilized when ultrasound findings are equivocal. Fetal anatomy can be evaluated in detail including the brain, upper aerodigestive tract, thorax...
Article
Peritoneal inclusion cyst
Peritoneal inclusion cysts, also known as peritoneal pseudocysts, are a type of cyst-like structure that appears in relation to the peritoneal surfaces and results from a non-neoplastic reactive mesothelial proliferation.
Terminology
The nomenclature for this condition can be confusing due to ...
Article
Urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common clinical condition involving the bladder (cystitis) and kidneys (pyelonephritis). It is commonly divided into 'uncomplicated' and 'complicated' infections.
Clinical presentation
painful urination
strangury
bloody, dark, cloudy urine
urinary frequen...
Article
Chylous ascites
Chylous ascites (also known as chyloperitoneum) is defined as the abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of milky lymphatic fluid with a triglyceride level >110 mg/dL 1. Etiologically it is due to a disruption of the lymphatic system, most commonly obstructive due to a mass or traumatic (which ma...
Article
Shunt series
The shunt series is a set of radiographic images performed to assess the location and integrity of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Indications
Departmental protocols will vary but the overall goal is to image the shunt in its entirety to assess for mechanical causes of shunt failure 1,2. The sh...
Article
Fetus in fetu
Fetus-in-fetu is an extremely rare abnormality that occurs secondary to abnormal embryogenesis in a monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy where a non-viable fetus becomes enclosed within a normally developing fetus.
Epidemiology
Fetus-in-fetu is very rare, with an incidence of 1/500,000 live birt...
Article
Dorsal vagal nucleus
The dorsal vagal nucleus, also known as the vagal nucleus, dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve or the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, is a elongated nucleus within the medulla oblongata that provides parasympathetic motor innervation to the viscera of the thorax and abdomen. It is the lar...
Article
Lacunar ligament
The lacunar ligament, also known as Gimbernat’s ligament, is a crescent-shaped ligament that extends between the inguinal ligament and pectineal ligament, close to their point of insertion to the pubic tubercle.
Gross anatomy
The lacunar ligament is an extension of the medial end of the inguin...
Article
Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Hypogammaglobulinaemia is an immune disorder characterized by a reduction in all types of gammaglobulins.
Terminology
While hypogammaglobulinaemia means some loss of gammaglobulins, a total loss is termed agammaglobulinaemia which can occur as an X-linked form (X-linked agammaglobulinemia).
...
Article
Partial hydatidiform mole
Partial hydatidiform mole is a type of molar pregnancy, which in turn falls under the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Clinical presentation
Clinical signs and symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramps of the lower abdomen and vaginal bleeding during pregnancy are common but non-s...
Article
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Sacrococcygeal teratoma refers to a teratoma arising in the sacrococcygeal region. The coccyx is almost always involved 6.
Epidemiology
It is the most common congenital tumor in fetus 11 and neonate 3. The incidence is estimated at ~1:35,000-40,000. There is a recognized female predilection wi...
Article
Split bolus technique
The split bolus technique is a CT imaging investigation used in patients with hematuria aiming to put together, in a single image acquisition, both the nephrographic and renal excretory phases and thus reducing the radiation dose of the study. It is a CT protocol adopted for some institutions fo...
Article
Renal artery occlusion (acute)
Renal artery occlusion can happen acutely due to in-situ thrombus, embolism, or dissection. Unless immediately treated, it can lead to renal infarction 1.
Epidemiology
The condition is more common in the elderly, however, it may be seen in a younger age group if they have risk factors (describ...
Article
Ovarian transposition
Ovarian transposition is a surgical procedure in which the ovaries are displaced from the pelvis before pelvic radiation therapy in order to protect them from radiation injury.
It is performed in premenopausal women with a variety of pelvic malignancies (e.g cervical cancer, rectal cancer, and ...
Article
Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstructions are common and account for 20% of admissions with "surgical abdomens". Radiology is important in confirming the diagnosis and identifying the underlying cause.
Bowel obstructions are usually divided according to where the obstruction occurs, and since imaging appearances, und...
Article
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Pseudomyxoma peritonei refers to a syndrome of progressive intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous ascites related to a mucin-producing neoplasm. It is most commonly caused by a mucinous tumor of the appendix 10.
Much less commonly, mucinous tumors of the colon, rectum, stomach, pancreas, and ...
Article
Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney
Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy of early childhood, closely related to atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) of the brain (see rhabdoid tumors).
Epidemiology
Rhabdoid tumors occur exclusively in children, with 60% occurring before the age of 1 year of a...
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