Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
699 results found
Article
Trapezoid fracture
Trapezoid fractures are the least common carpal fracture. They typically occur as the result of an axial force through the second metacarpal.
Epidemiology
They account for ~0.4% of all carpal fractures 1.
Radiographic features
The trapezoid is in a relatively immobile, and protected locatio...
Article
Latissimus dorsi injury
Latissimus dorsi muscle injuries refer to muscle injuries of the latissimus dorsi muscle or tendon and have gained increasing awareness as sports injuries.
Epidemiology
The injury is fairly uncommon and mainly seen in overhead athletes, e.g. professional baseball pitchers 1.
Risk factors
ov...
Article
Retrobulbar hemorrhage
Retrobulbar hemorrhage is the presence of a post septal orbital hematoma and is usually due to craniofacial trauma causing an extraconal hematoma. It may cause orbital compartment syndrome which is an ophthalmologic emergency.
Clinical features
If small, there may be no orbital or ocular sympt...
Article
Medial collateral ligament injury of the knee
Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee comprise of sprains, partial and complete tears. Medial collateral ligament injuries are one of the most common ligamentous injuries of the knee.
Epidemiology
Medial collateral ligament injuries are very common in athletes 1-4 and it is likely th...
Article
Hallux sesamoid fracture
Hallux sesamoid fractures are the commonest foot sesamoid fractures, with the medial sesamoid fractured more frequently than the lateral one 1. These hallucal sesamoids are also vulnerable to weight-bearing stress injury 2.
Radiographic features
A sharp fracture line is seen separating irregul...
Article
Distal femoral fracture
Distal femoral fractures involve the femoral condyles and the metaphyseal region. They are often the result of high-energy trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or a fall from a height. In the elderly, they may occur as a domestic accident 1-3.
Epidemiology
They are quite rare and represent ~...
Article
Intra-articular fragments
Intra-articular fragments are a form of intra-articular bodies that result from traumatic injuries such as fractures, dislocations and chondral injury.
Clinical presentation
Symptoms are variable and also depend on the underlying cause and extent of the injury, but usual complaints are pain, l...
Article
Dupuytren fracture
Dupuytren fracture is an eponymous name (although not widely used in the English-speaking medical world) for an injury originally described as a mid-distal fibular fracture occurring above the syndesmosis with diastasis 1 but now refers to that fracture pattern with various other injuries:
medi...
Article
Anomalous insertion of the medial meniscus
Anomalous insertion of the medial meniscus (AIMM) is an anatomical variation of the insertion of the anterior root of the medial meniscus.
Terminology
Defined as a congenital variation in the insertion of the anterior root of the medial meniscus onto the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The...
Article
Lumbar spine fracture
Lumbar spine fractures are often a result of significant blunt trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or a fall from height. Non-traumatic causes include osteoporotic and pathological fractures.
Epidemiology
Traumatic fractures are more common in males. The risk of osteoporotic fractures incre...
Article
Thoracolumbar spine fracture
Thoracolumbar spine fractures are often the result of significant blunt trauma such as motor vehicle accidents or falling from a height. Fractures in this region range from non-complex to highly complex and will vary in prognosis.
Epidemiology
Males are affected more commonly than females wit...
Article
Talar body fractures
Talar body fractures are a subtype of talar fractures, subdivided into:
talar dome osteochondral fracture
posterior talar process fracture
lateral talar process fracture
Article
Popeye sign
Popeye sign is a pronounced bulging muscle in the distal aspect of the biceps region of the arm. It is clinically apparent with a complete long head of biceps tendon tear which causes distal migration of the long head of biceps muscle.
History and etymology
Defined by the distal migration of...
Article
Ice cream cone sign (disambiguation)
The ice cream cone sign may refer to:
ice cream cone sign (middle ear ossicles)
ice cream cone sign (vestibular schwannoma)
Article
Ice cream cone sign (middle ear ossicles)
The ice cream cone sign describes the normal appearance of the middle ear ossicles on axial CT scan. The ball of the ice cream is formed by the head of the malleus and cone is formed by the body of the incus, with the tapering conical point formed by the short process pointing towards the aditus...
Article
Salter-Harris type V fracture
Salter-Harris type V fractures are very uncommon injuries that occur in children. These fractures involve a crush injury of the physis secondary to compressive forces that involve all or part of the physis 1,2. In general Salter-Harris fractures are childhood injuries where there is a fracture t...
Article
Salter-Harris type IV fracture
Salter-Harris type IV fractures are relatively uncommon injuries that occur in children. They are intra-articular injuries in which the fracture extends through the epiphysis, across the physis, and through the metaphysis. Salter-Harris fractures are a group of childhood injuries where a fractur...
Article
Sandwich sign (disambiguation)
The sandwich sign is used for two different imaging appearances:
sandwich sign (Marchiafava-Bignami disease)
sandwich sign (mesentery)
Sandwich sign has also been coined for the appearance of:
primary pleural lymphoma 1,2
mediastinal lymphoma 3
marrow edema and hemorrhage on MRI of flexion...
Article
Translation-rotation spine injury
Translation-rotation spine injuries are severe injuries characterized by horizontal displacement or rotation of one vertebral body with respect to another.
Pathology
These injuries result from torsional and shear forces. This type of injury is usually severe and involves the posterior ligament...
Article
Pediatric forearm (horizontal beam lateral view)
The horizontal beam lateral forearm view for pediatrics is one of two modified trauma projections in the forearm series, examining the radius and ulna.
Indications
This view is ideal for patients who are unable to move their arm as per the standard forearm positioning technique but require as...
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