77 results found
Article
Pulmonary aspergillosis
Pulmonary aspergillosis is a collective term used to refer to a number of conditions caused by infection with a fungus of the Aspergillus species (usually Aspergillus fumigatus).
There are a number of recognized pulmonary forms, the number depending on the author 1,3,4 . Each form has specific ...
Article
CNS aspergillosis
CNS aspergillosis results from angioinvasive infection of the central nervous system by the fungus Aspergillus spp. Along with CNS cryptococcosis, it is one of the most common fungal opportunistic infections of the central nervous system.
Epidemiology
The disease predominates in immunocompromi...
Article
Angioinvasive aspergillosis
Angioinvasive aspergillosis is the most severe and aggressive form of invasive aspergillosis. It is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment. Fortunately, it is not seen in the general population and only occurs in profoundly immunocompromised patients.
Epidemiology
Angioin...
Article
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a form of pulmonary aspergillosis seen in patients with decreased immunity. It comprises a number of entities that are discussed individually:
subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (previously known as chronic necrotizing aspergillosis (CNA) or semi-in...
Article
Airway invasive aspergillosis
Airway invasive aspergillosis, also known as Aspergillus bronchopneumonia or bronchopneumonic aspergillosis, refers to a form of invasive aspergillosis that affects the airways as the major or only feature.
Epidemiology
It usually occurs in immunocompromised neutropenic patients, particularly ...
Article
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a group of chronic aspergillosis found in non-immunocompromised patients with prior or current lung disease (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mycobacteriosis or conditions such as diabetes).
It can manifest as several forms 1.
chronic cavitar...
Article
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is at the mild end of the spectrum of disease caused by pulmonary aspergillosis and can be classified as an eosinophilic lung disease 2-4.
Epidemiology
This entity is most commonly encountered in patients with longstanding asthma, and only occasi...
Article
Mucormycosis vs aspergillosis
It is important to be able to distinguish between mucormycosis and aspergillosis because:
antifungal sensitivity: mucormycosis is resistant to voriconazole, whilst aspergillosis is sensitive to it
mucormycosis may have an improved prognosis if treated earlier
It is to be noted that there has...
Article
Obstructive bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Obstructive bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is an uncommon manifestation of non-invasive aspergillosis seen in patients with AIDS. It is typically caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and represents marked overgrowth of intraluminal of the fungus.
Article
Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (previously known as chronic necrotizing aspergillosis or semi-invasive aspergillosis) is subacute to chronic localized and indolent form of invasive aspergillosis. It is also sometimes grouped under the term chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
Epidemiolog...
Article
Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) is considered the most common form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. In untreated cases, this may progress to chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis.
Article
Chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis (CFPA) is the terminal fibrosing evolution of chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA).
Pathology
This situation tends to occur when CCPA remains untreated resulting in extensive pulmonary fibrosis. The fibrosis may be limited to one or both upp...
Article
Aspergilloma
Aspergillomas are mass-like fungus balls (mycetomas) typically composed of Aspergillus fumigatus and are a non-invasive form of pulmonary aspergillosis. They usually fall under the subgroup chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
Epidemiology
Aspergillomas occur in patients with normal immunity but s...
Article
Pulmonary fungal disease
Pulmonary fungal disease is caused by various organisms of varying virulence and varying sensitivity to antifungal drugs. Immunocompromise, particularly neutropaenia is a major risk factor for invasive and disseminated disease.
Pathologic fungi include:
pulmonary aspergillosis: pulmonary asper...
Article
Chest curriculum
The chest curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core chest knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to the lungs, mediastinum, and pleura, but excluding the skeletal structures (see musculoskeletal curriculum), heart (see cardiac...
Article
Pulmonary cavity
A pulmonary cavity is a collection of gas and/or fluid enclosed by a thick and often irregular wall which usually occurs when central necrotic tissue is expelled via a bronchial connection. Cavities may be single or multiple and can be isolated or associated with lung disease 12.
Terminology
P...
Article
Pulmonary mucormycosis
Pulmonary mucormycosis is an opportunistic pulmonary fungal infection from a fungus belonging to the order Mucorales.
Pulmonary mucormycosis has to be distinguished from the related counterpart invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) as modern first-line antifungals typically used for aspergillo...
Article
High attenuation mucus
High-attenuation mucus (HAM) is a form of mucoid impaction which is often considered a characteristic and an "almost pathognomonic" feature of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) (close to 100% specificity) 1.
Epidemiology
It may be present in up to 28% of patients with allergic bro...
Article
Asthma
Asthma is a relatively common condition that is characterized by at least partially reversible inflammation of the airways and reversible airway obstruction due to airway hyperreactivity. It can be acute, subacute or chronic.
Epidemiology
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in th...
Article
Aspergillus
Aspergillus (plural: Aspergilli) is a fungal genus consisting of approximately 250 species 1. It is a ubiquitous fungus frequently found in urban areas especially in decomposing organic matter or water-damaged walls and ceilings. Only a few Aspergillus species are associated with human disease 1...
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