Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
336 results found
Article
Spleen
The spleen is an organ of the hematological system and has a role in immune response, storage of red blood cells and hematopoiesis.
Gross anatomy
The spleen is a wedge-shaped organ lying mainly in the left upper quadrant (left hypochondrium and partly in the epigastrium) and is protected by th...
Article
Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD) (historically also known as drepanocytosis) is a hereditary (autosomal recessive) condition resulting in the formation of abnormal hemoglobin (a hemoglobinopathy), which manifests as multisystem ischemia and infarction, as well as hemolytic anemia.
Hemoglobin SC (HbSC...
Article
MALT lymphoma
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, sometimes shortened to MALToma, is a type of low-grade extranodal lymphoma.
Terminology
In the 5th edition of the WHO classification of haematolymphoid tumors, it is a mature B-cell neoplasm termed extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-a...
Article
Typhlitis
Typhlitis, also known as neutropenic colitis, is a necrotizing inflammatory condition which typically originates in the cecum and, often extends into the ascending colon, appendix or terminal ileum, by the time of presentation. In general patients are immunocompromised, usually neutropenic.
Ter...
Article
Small bowel lymphoma
Small bowel lymphoma is one of the most common small bowel malignancies, accounting for ~25% of all primary small bowel malignancies, and ~40% of all primary gastrointestinal lymphomas.
Epidemiology
Small bowel lymphoma is most commonly secondary extranodal involvement in widespread systemic l...
Article
Prothrombin 20210 mutation
Prothrombin 20210 mutation is a prothrombotic hematological condition which predisposes individuals to thromboembolic events such as
deep venous thrombosis
cerebral venous thrombosis
cerebrovascular events
pulmonary embolism
Epidemiology
It is considered the second most commonly inherited ...
Article
Splenic pseudocyst
Splenic pseudocysts, also known as secondary splenic cysts, are acquired cystic lesions not delineated by a true epithelial wall. They represent the majority of the splenic cystic lesions, corresponding to approximately 80% of them (cf. splenic epithelial cysts). The main causes are:
splenic t...
Article
CNS lymphoma
CNS lymphoma refers to the involvement of the central nervous system with lymphoma. It can be broadly divided into primary and secondary, with a number of special types also recognized.
primary lymphomas of the CNS
primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS
immunodeficiency-associated ...
Article
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a non-malignant but often fatal disorder of immune dysregulation affecting multiple organs. It is also known as macrophage activation syndrome when occurring in the setting of a rheumatologic disorder.
Epidemiology
It typically affects infants and yo...
Article
Mantle cell lymphoma
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and accounts for ~5% of all NHL. It is a malignant neoplasm of virgin B cells that closely resemble normal mantle zone B cells surrounding germinal centers.
Epidemiology
They occur in older adults (mean age ~60 years), and ther...
Article
Pyrexia
Pyrexia (or fever) is a clinical sign, indicated by an abnormally elevated core body temperature, which is defined by several medical societies as ≥38.3°C (≥≈101°F). The temperature elevation may be persistent or episodic. If the body temperature is greater than 41.5°C - a rare phenomenon - it i...
Article
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma is a distinct entity, recognized in the WHO classification of lymphoma.
Epidemiology
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma accounts approximately 5% of large B-cell lymphoma, which is usually disseminated or found in the abdomen. There appears to b...
Article
Technetium-99m agents
Technetium agents based on the technetium-99m (Tc-99m) radioisotope are frequently used agents in medical imaging. A radiopharmaceutical labeled with Tc-99m constitutes a co-ordination complex in which ligands bond to a central atom of Tc-99m by co-ordinate covalent bonds 4 .
The radioactive te...
Article
Erythrocytosis
Erythrocytosis (or polycythemia) is the presence of an excessive number of red blood cells in the circulation. It can be primary or arise secondarily to another pathology.
Terminology
Absolute erythrocytosis is defined as a red cell mass which is >125% predicted for sex and age 2.
Although th...
Article
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder. It is usually defined as the clinical complex of vascular occlusion and ischemic events occurring in patients with circulating antiphospholipid antibodies.
Clinical presentation
Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by ve...
Article
Polycythemia vera
Polycythemia vera (older term: polycythemia rubra vera) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that results in an excess of red blood cells in the bloodstream.
Terminology
The standalone word polycythemia, a.k.a. erythrocytosis, is the medical term for the presence of an excessive number of red bloo...
Article
Primary cutaneous lymphoma
Primary cutaneous lymphomas represent a group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T- or B-cell) primarily confined to the skin with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis (cf. secondary involvement of the skin).
Mycosis fungoides is the most prevalent type of primary c...
Article
Apheresis
Apheresis is an extracorporeal procedure in which the main components of blood (red blood cells, plasma, and plasma proteins) are separated and removed from the body. It is used as therapeutic measure for certain conditions.
Radiological implications
It is one of the indications of placement o...
Article
Secondary pulmonary lymphoma
Secondary pulmonary lymphomas refer to pulmonary involvement with lymphoma when the condition is not limited to the lung and has mediastinal lymph node involvement or evidence of extrathoracic dissemination for at least three months after the initial diagnosis. This is a more common form of pulm...
Article
Leukostasis
Leukostasis, also known as symptomatic hyperleukocytosis, is a medical emergency in patients with leukemia, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in the blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), characterized by the over-accumulation of leukemic cells within the small vessels. Altho...
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