470 results
Article
Darth Vader sign
The Darth Vader sign refers to a finding that might be seen on axial CT images of the abdomen that indicates lumbar spondylolysis.
The diagnosis of lumbar spondylolysis on routine axial CT images of the abdomen and pelvis covering the spine, and hence the Darth Vader sign, show considerable int...
Article
Carnett sign
The Carnett sign describes an examination finding used to distinguish pain arising from the abdominal wall from pain arising from within the abdomen itself.
Testing for Carnett sign is performed as a two-stage procedure:
the examiner locates the point of maximal tenderness through palpation of...
Article
Fetal MRI
Fetal MRI allows for detailed imaging of the developing fetus in utero. Fast sequences are required due to fetal movement 1. Fetal MRI is most commonly utilized when ultrasound findings are equivocal. Fetal anatomy can be evaluated in detail including the brain, upper aerodigestive tract, thorax...
Article
Splenic volvulus
Splenic volvulus (rare plural: volvuli) also called splenic torsion may be seen as a complication of a wandering spleen due to weakness of the splenic ligaments 1.
Clinical presentation
abdominal pain: mild to severe in intensity which depends on the degree of torsion 4-6
abdominal mass 5
ab...
Article
Shunt series
The shunt series is a set of radiographic images performed to assess the location and integrity of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Indications
Departmental protocols will vary but the overall goal is to image the shunt in its entirety to assess for mechanical causes of shunt failure 1,2. The sh...
Article
Peritoneal inclusion cyst
Peritoneal inclusion cysts, also known as peritoneal pseudocysts, are a type of cyst-like structure that appears in relation to the peritoneal surfaces and results from a non-neoplastic reactive mesothelial proliferation.
Terminology
The nomenclature for this condition can be confusing due to ...
Article
Graft versus host disease
Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is a frequent complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, commonly known as bone marrow transplantation. Antirejection drugs have reduced the incidence, although it does still frequently occur.
Pathology
Graft versus host disease can pr...
Article
Urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common clinical condition involving the bladder (cystitis) and kidneys (pyelonephritis). It is commonly divided into 'uncomplicated' and 'complicated' infections.
Clinical presentation
painful urination
strangury
bloody, dark, cloudy urine
urinary frequen...
Article
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra. With the exception of the urethra, this is the same in both males and females. It spans the abdomen and pelvis, from the upper abdomen to the extreme pelvis, being inextricably linked with the genital system.
The urinary ...
Article
Neuroblastoma (image-defined risk factors)
Image-defined risk factors are imaging features seen at the time of neuroblastoma diagnosis that confer a poorer prognosis. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) suggested an update (2009) to the neuroblastoma staging with a list of features that, if present, upstages a patient with ...
Article
Paraganglioma
Paragangliomas, previously sometimes called glomus tumors, are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors arising from paraganglia and principally encountered in adults. They are divided into those arising from sympathetic paraganglia (primarily in the chest and abdomen, including pheochromocytoma) and para...
Article
Lacunar ligament
The lacunar ligament, also known as Gimbernat’s ligament, is a crescent-shaped ligament that extends between the inguinal ligament and pectineal ligament, close to their point of insertion to the pubic tubercle.
Gross anatomy
The lacunar ligament is an extension of the medial end of the inguin...
Article
Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Hypogammaglobulinaemia is an immune disorder characterized by a reduction in all types of gammaglobulins.
Terminology
While hypogammaglobulinaemia means some loss of gammaglobulins, a total loss is termed agammaglobulinaemia which can occur as an X-linked form (X-linked agammaglobulinemia).
...
Article
Partial hydatidiform mole
Partial hydatidiform mole is a type of molar pregnancy, which in turn falls under the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Clinical presentation
Clinical signs and symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramps of the lower abdomen and vaginal bleeding during pregnancy are common but non-s...
Article
Ovarian transposition
Ovarian transposition is a surgical procedure in which the ovaries are displaced from the pelvis before pelvic radiation therapy in order to protect them from radiation injury.
It is performed in premenopausal women with a variety of pelvic malignancies (e.g cervical cancer, rectal cancer, and ...
Article
Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstructions are common and account for 20% of admissions with "surgical abdomens". Radiology is important in confirming the diagnosis and identifying the underlying cause.
Bowel obstructions are usually divided according to where the obstruction occurs, and since imaging appearances, und...
Article
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Pseudomyxoma peritonei refers to a syndrome of progressive intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous ascites related to a mucin-producing neoplasm. It is most commonly caused by a mucinous tumor of the appendix 10.
Much less commonly, mucinous tumors of the colon, rectum, stomach, pancreas, and ...
Article
Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney
Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy of early childhood, closely related to atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) of the brain (see rhabdoid tumors).
Epidemiology
Rhabdoid tumors occur exclusively in children, with 60% occurring before the age of 1 year of a...
Article
Pyrexia of unknown origin
A pyrexia of unknown origin, commonly shortened to PUO, and also known as a fever of unknown origin (FUO), was originally defined in 1961 as the condition in which the core body temperature is >38.3oC for a period of three weeks or more, with no diagnosis reached after one week of inpatient inve...
Article
Limb body wall complex
The limb-body wall complex (LBWC) is a rare variable group of congenital limb and body wall defects (involving mainly the chest and abdomen). They can include:
abdominoschisis: usually large and left-sided 4, and almost always present
thoracic wall defect / thoracoschisis
ectopia cordis
anom...
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