Items tagged “case3”
243 results found
Article
European Thyroid Association TIRADS
EU-TIRADS is a reporting system designed by the European Thyroid Association for ultrasound assessment of thyroid nodules and stratification of requirement for FNA and malignancy. This system was based on an established French system, with validated results 2,3.
This is a five stage system usin...
Article
Acute abdominal pain
Acute abdominal pain is a common acute presentation in clinical practice. It encompasses a very broad range of possible aetiologies and diagnoses, and imaging is routinely employed as the primary investigative tool in its modern management.
Terminology
A subgroup of patients with acute abdomin...
Article
Gallbladder cancer
Gallbladder cancer is relatively uncommon compared to other hepatobiliary malignancies.
Pathology
Primary
gallbladder carcinoma
gallbladder adenocarcinoma: most common 1
gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma
gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma
gallbladder sarcoma: very rare 2
gallbladder ...
Article
Radiation-induced organising pneumonia
Radiation-induced organising pneumonia (RIOP) is considered a form of inflammatory lung disease occasionally observed usually after irradiation to the breast. It is classified as a type of secondary organising pneumonia that is characterised by infiltrative opacification "outside" the irradiated...
Article
Ectopic meningioma
An ectopic meningioma (or primary ectopic meningioma) refers to rare situations where a meningioma arises outside the dura without any connection to the dura, distinguishing it from meningiomas with extracranial or extraspinal growth.
Clinical presentation
Ectopic meningiomas can occur at vari...
Article
Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome)
Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome) is a rare complication of chronic alcohol use that can present with seizures and a variety of neurological deficits.
Epidemiology
SESA syndrome is rare and seen in alcoholics who are not undergoing withdrawal 1-3.
Clinical ...
Article
Nitrofurantoin related lung changes
Nitrofurantoin related lung disease refers to a spectrum of lung changes that can be precipitated by nitrofurantoin use.
Epidemiology
Nitrofurantoin-induced lung injury is uncommon where a considerable number of reported publications likely reflect the widespread use of the drug rather than th...
Article
Osteitis
Osteitis is an inflammation of the bone, usually in the context of inflammatory arthropathy.
Terminology
Osteitis refers only to the inflammation of bony structures, in particular the cortex (non-medullary infection or infectious osteitis) 1-3. If there is infectious involvement of the medulla...
Article
Umbilical arterial pulsatility index
Umbilical arterial pulsatility index (UA-PI) is a parameter used in umbilical arterial (UA) Doppler assessment. It is calculated by subtracting the end-diastolic velocity (EDV) from the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and then dividing by the time-averaged (mean) velocity (TAV):
PI = (PSV - EDV) /...
Article
Umbilical arterial systolic / diastolic ratio
Umbilical arterial systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio is a parameter used in obstetric imaging as part of umbilical arterial (UA) Doppler assessment. It is the ratio between the systolic velocity and the diastolic velocity.
Practical points
The reference range varies through the stage of pregnancy...
Article
Third inflow
Third inflow refers to anatomical variants leading to an additional venous inflow to the liver apart from the usual dual blood supply (portal vein and hepatic artery). They tend to be associated with parenchymal pseudolesions (focal hyperenhancement on post-contrast imaging, focal fat infiltrati...
Article
Fibrosarcoma
Fibrosarcomas are malignant tumours of fibroblast origin. They are a type of soft tissue sarcoma that can be grouped by patient age, i.e. adult fibrosarcoma and infantile fibrosarcoma, and/or anatomical region, for example:
fibrosarcoma of the breast
fibrosarcoma of the chest wall
fibrosarcom...
Article
Lateral humeral line
The lateral humeral line is used to confirm the alignment of the paediatric radiocapitellar joint in the coronal plane 1. This is particularly important in injuries such as a Monteggia fracture-dislocation or in a radial neck fracture.
Measurement
The lateral humeral line is drawn on a paediat...
Article
Acetabular index
The acetabular index, also known as the acetabular roof angle or Tönnis angle, is a radiographic measurement of acetabular inclination. It is useful in assessing for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) as well as pincer morphology in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).
Measurement
The ace...
Article
Radiation recall pneumonitis
Radiation recall pneumonitis is a rare reaction occurring in previously irradiated areas of pulmonary tissue after the application of triggering agents (e.g. chemotherapeutic agents, immunomodulators). It is not thought to be due to the direct effect of radiation. Classically this has been descr...
Article
Deep endometriosis (transvaginal ultrasound)
Transvaginal ultrasound (TV) for deep endometriosis is a specialised ultrasound technique used for the detection of deep endometriosis (DE). It differs from a traditional pelvic ultrasound in that the scan is extended beyond the uterus and ovaries to assess the anterior and posterior pelvic comp...
Article
Foot injection (disambiguation)
Foot injection is a non-specific term often used by patients, about tarsal or metatarsal joint injections and to other procedures which include:
calcaneocuboid joint injection
metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) injection
naviculocuneiform joint injection
plantar fascia injection
plantar fasc...
Article
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction (c.2019) is a phenomenon which has been associated with the use of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. It could be mistaken for metastatic disease in some situations.
See also
drug induced lung disease
immune checkpoi...
Article
ARCO classification of femoral head osteonecrosis
The ARCO classification (Association Research Circulation Osseous classification) is one of the staging systems used to assess femoral head osteonecrosis. It was created in 1994 and periodically revised. The revision from 2019 2 includes using radiographs and MRIs.
Classification
stage 0
pla...
Article
Synovium
The synovium (plural: synoviums, not synovia) or synovial membrane is a soft tissue lining of joints bursae and tendon sheaths and seems to be responsible for the secretion and absorption of synovial fluid components, whereby the synovial fluid arises from leakage of the intimal capillaries 1-4....
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