Items tagged “cases”
5,559 results
Article
Medial posterior choroidal artery
The medial posterior choroidal artery is a small branch (often multiple - 40% of hemispheres) usually arising from the P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). It may also arise from one of the PCA branches, e.g. parieto-occiptal, calcarine, splenial artery.
It ascends deep to the res...
Article
Lateral posterior choroidal artery
The lateral posterior choroidal artery may be a singular vessel or exist as multiple lateral posterior choroidal arteries. In either case, they usually arise from the P2 segment of the PCA, just distal (and lateral) to the medial posterior choroidal arteries. In some cases, they may arise from o...
Article
Posterior choroidal artery infarct
Posterior choroidal artery infarct is a rare isolated ischemic stroke syndrome due to occlusion of the posterior choroidal artery. It usually coexists with posterior cerebral artery, and often superior cerebellar artery, infarction.
Clinical presentation
When infarction is limited to to the la...
Article
Cystic nephroma
Cystic nephromas, previously known as multilocular cystic nephromas, are rare benign renal neoplasms classically occurring in adult females in the 4th and 5th decades. As of the 2016 WHO classification, they are considered distinct from pediatric cystic nephromas which have associated DICER1 gen...
Article
Medullary cystic disease complex
Medullary cystic disease complex belongs to group of pediatric cystic renal diseases characterized by progressive tubular atrophy with glomerulosclerosis (chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis) and multiple small medullary cysts.
Epidemiology
There is no recognized gender predilection.
Clinic...
Article
Pediatric cystic renal diseases
The pediatric cystic renal diseases are a heterogeneous group of conditions defined by the presence of kidney cysts due to hereditary or non-hereditary causes:
isolated simple cyst
cystic renal dysplasia
multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK)
obstructive cystic renal dysplasia
genetic disorde...
Article
Persistent hypoglossal artery
Persistent hypoglossal artery is one of the persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. It is present in 0.02-0.26% of individuals 2 and overall, is second in frequency to the trigeminal artery which is present approximately six times as often.
It arises from the distal cervical internal c...
Article
Persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery
The proatlantal intersegmental artery is also known as the type I proatlantal artery, and is one of the persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. It arises from the internal carotid artery (similar to the persistent hypoglossal artery) but instead of heading for the hypoglossal canal, it j...
Article
Tracheomalacia (differential)
A dilated trachea has numerous causes, and in almost all cases represents tracheomalacia (increased size and increased compliance).
As is almost always the case, various diameters have been used. Typical figures include >26 mm in men, >23 mm in women or >30 mm for both genders ref.
Although ma...
Article
Piriformis muscle
The piriformis muscle is a muscle of the posterior pelvic wall and gluteal region of the lower limb. It is an important anatomical landmark.
Summary
origin: anterolateral surface of the sacrum
course: exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen
insertion: greater trochanter of the ...
Article
Interlobular septal thickening
There are many causes of interlobular septal thickening, and this should be distinguished from intralobular septal thickening. Thickening of the interlobular septa can be smooth, nodular or irregular, with many entities able to cause more than one pattern.
Pathology
Causes of septal thickening...
Article
Greater superficial petrosal nerve
The greater (superficial) petrosal nerve originates at the geniculate ganglion, where the nervus intermedius and facial nerve join. It contains mainly preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and some sensory taste afferent fibers from the soft palate.
After leaving the geniculate ganglion it passe...
Article
Falcine sinus
The falcine sinus is a normal fetal structure located within the falx cerebri that drains the deep cerebral venous system to the superior sagittal sinus. Normally, it involutes after birth.
Gross anatomy
The falcine sinus drains into the superior sagittal sinus and usually arises from the vein...
Article
Muscles of the shoulder
Muscles of the shoulder can be subdivided into a variety of groups depending on origin, topography, function or innervation. The system used here groups the muscles based on their function and topography (which are closely related in the upper limb):
Muscles of the shoulder girdle
Muscles that...
Article
Internal cerebral vein
The internal cerebral veins are paired, paramedian veins which course posteriorly along the roof of the third ventricle, between the two leaves of the velum interpositum.
Gross anatomy
Each is formed at the foramen of Monro by the confluence of the choroidal vein (draining the choroid plexus o...
Article
Cerebral venous system
The cerebral venous system, somewhat unlike the majority of the rest of the body, does not even remotely follow the cerebral arterial system.
The cortical veins lie superficially, unlike cortical arteries, and are adherent to the deep surface of the arachnoid mater so that they keep the sulci o...
Article
Ruvalcaba syndrome
Ruvalcaba syndrome (also known as Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith syndrome) is one of a group of disorders related to the congenital skeletal disturbance. It is characterized by:
macrocephaly
hypoplastic genitalia
intellectual (not invariably) and physical disability
short stature
peculiar facies
mi...
Article
Arc of Bühler
The arc of Bühler (AOB) is a persistent embryonic anastomotic branch between the 10th and 13th ventral segmental arteries, resulting in a connection between the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). This arch is independent of both the gastroduodenal and dorsal pancreatic arteries....
Article
Extraskeletal musculoskeletal lesions by compartment
Knowing extraskeletal musculoskeletal lesions by compartment is useful to help generate a meaningful differential diagnosis:
Intermuscular
extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
fibromatosis
ganglion
leiomyosarcoma
nodular fasciitis
neurogenic tumors
synovial cyst
Intra-articular
lipoma a...
Article
Renal vascular pedicle injury
Renal vascular pedicle injury is a severe form of renal trauma, which if not recognized and treated expediently, can lead to the loss of the kidney.
Radiographic features
CT
Contrast enhanced CT is the Imaging modality of choice. On CT it is recognized as a non-enhancing kidney. Perirenal h...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.