Items tagged “cases”
5,551 results
Article
Gonococcal urethritis
Gonococcal urethritis is an infection of the urethra caused by Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative diplococcus. It is the most common sexually transmitted disease in adults 1.
Clinical presentation
Patients usually present with purulent urethral discharge in acute infection. Diagnosis is us...
Article
Non-gonococcal urethritis
Non-gonococcal urethritis is less common than gonococcal infection. The commonest pathogen is Chlamydia trachomatis, accounting for 30%–50% of cases 1.
Clinical presentation
Acute nongonococcal urethritis is usually present with urethral discharge, which is scant compared to gonococcal urethri...
Article
Periurethral abscess
Periurethral abscesses are infections of the male urethra and periurethral tissues 1.
Pathology
While usually occurring with gonococcal infection, other sexually transmitted disease organisms could also result in periurethral abscesses. Other risk factors include urethral stricture or previous...
Article
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
X-linked agammaglobulinemia also known as Bruton disease or is a hereditary condition due to a mutation in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene located on the long arm of the X-chromosome. BTK is critical in the maturation of pre-B cells to mature B cells.
Clinical presentation
Recurring bact...
Article
Nezelof syndrome
Nezelof syndrome is a hereditary primary immunodeficiency state caused by thymic dysplasia, lack of T cell function and normal levels of immunoglobulins.
Epidemiology
Nezelof syndrome is extremely rare.
Clinical presentation
Common clinical features include 4,5
failure to thrive
metaphysea...
Article
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial genetic disorder characterized by bilateral, progressive, central vision loss secondary to loss of the retinal ganglionic cell layer 1,2. It is considered the most common mitochondrial disorder caused by mutation to mitochondrial DNA (m...
Article
Sydenham chorea
Sydenham chorea, also referred to as chorea minor or historically as St. Vitus dance is a manifestation of rheumatic fever.
Clinical presentation
hyperkinetic movement disorder
neuropsychiatric manifestations with or without the presence of carditis or arthritis
cognitive and behavioral symp...
Article
Lederer-Brill disease
Lederer-Brill disease is a transient autoimmune hemolytic anemia with very variable clinical features 1.
Epidemiology
Lederer-Brill disease is slightly more prevalent in females 1.
Clinical presentation
It usually occurs in children with a recent history of infection. Symptoms and signs incl...
Article
Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors
Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) is a pragmatic grouping of varied primary brain tumors that share a number of features including slow indolent growth rate, localization to the cortex and a predilection for the temporal lobe.
These characteristics combine to make them a common cause...
Article
Cervicofacial actinomycosis
Cervicofacial actinomycosis is the most frequent manifestation of Actinomyces infection 1,2.
Epidemiology
Although the prevalence of cervicofacial actinomycosis cases varies with geographical regions, the disease has male gender predilection. Risk factors including poor oral hygiene, oral trau...
Article
Trident sign (neurosarcoidosis)
The trident sign is a radiological (MRI) sign described in spinal cord neurosarcoidosis.
The sign is formed by the axial appearance of a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis due to spinal cord neurosarcoidosis, whereby on a T1 post-contrast (gadolinium) MRI sequence, there is central ca...
Article
Acrodysotosis
Acrodysotosis, also known as Arkless-Graham syndrome, Maroteaux-Malamut syndrome or acrodysplasia, is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone growth.
Epidemiology
The true incidence is not known. There is no known gender predilection. The condition is often detected in early childhood.
Clinica...
Article
H sign (spinal cord)
The H sign is a radiological sign appreciated on MRI spine that is classically described in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).
The sign describes the involvement of spinal cord grey matter as seen on axial T2 sequences in patients with myelit...
Article
Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia is a group of upper abdominal gastrointestinal symptoms often described as a burning sensation, discomfort, nausea and bloating, especially after meals.
Epidemiology
Dyspepsia is a common condition affecting up to 25% of the population in the United States.
Clinical presentation
bl...
Article
Trapeziotrapezoid ligament
The trapeziotrapezoid ligament is one of the three distal interosseous ligaments of the wrist 1,2. It acts along with the capitotrapezoid and capitohamate ligaments to stabilize the distal carpal row and keep them moving as a single unit 1,2.
Gross anatomy
Each of the distal interosseous ligam...
Article
Triquetrocapitate ligament
The triquetrocapitate ligament is one of the palmar intrinsic midcarpal ligaments 1. Along with the triquetrohamate ligament this ligament forms the triquetrohamocapitate ligament, which forms the ulnar limb of the arcuate ligament of the wrist 1,2. It is often contiguous with the ulnocapitate l...
Article
12q14 microdeletion syndrome
12q14 microdeletion syndrome or osteopoikilosis-short stature-intellectual disability syndrome is caused by heterozygous deletion at the region of 12q14. The microdeletion affects the LEMD3 gene which has already been implicated in osteopoikilosis.
Epidemiology
Prevalence is <1 in 1 million li...
Article
Hypermetropia
Hypermetropia, also known as long-sightedness or hyperopia, is a refractive disorder. Though it can happen in any age group, it usually starts from mid-late adulthood.
Clinical presentation
In this condition, distant objects are seen better than close objects.
Pathology
The blurriness of nea...
Article
Alice in Wonderland syndrome
Alice in Wonderland syndrome, also known as Todd syndrome, is a rare condition affecting the sensory inputs in the brain.
Epidemiology
Alice in Wonderland syndrome most common in children with over two-third of cases occurring in the pediatric demographic 1.
Clinical presentation
Alice in Wo...
Article
Botulism
Botulism is a neuroparalytic syndrome manifesting as diffuse generalized flaccid paralysis caused by exposure to botulinum neurotoxin. It can be potentially fatal.
Botulinum toxin is the deadliest toxin due to high lethality and potency. The lethal dose (LD 50) is 1-3 ng of toxin per 1 kg of bo...
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