Items tagged “cases”
5,551 results
Article
Bronchomalacia
Bronchomalacia describes weak bronchial cartilage which allows excessive airway collapsibility, best demonstrated on dynamic CT in forced expiration 1. Importantly, substantial collapse can occur in normal healthy individuals and there is considerable overlap so that CT appearances alone are non...
Article
Leukemoid reaction
A leukemoid reaction refers to a marked increase in white blood cells (>50000 cells/mL), typically neutrophils, which manifests as an acute inflammatory reaction that can mimic leukemia.
Pathology
Leukemoid reactions often occur from accelerated release of cells from the bone marrow.
Features...
Article
String of pearls sign (Susac syndrome)
The string of pearls sign is a radiological sign described in Susac syndrome.
The string of pearls sign is seen on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) whereby there are multiple punctate microinfarcts topographically located along the internal capsule 1-3. These are always accompanied by similar i...
Article
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome, also known as bilateral anterior opercular syndrome or anterior operculum syndrome, is a cortical form of pseudobulbar palsy classically caused by bilateral anterior opercular lesions.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation is of pseudobulbar palsy that is...
Article
Vasa vasorum
The vasa vasorum represents the supporting microvasculature of the larger caliber arteries and veins of the body.
Gross anatomy
The vasa vasorum has two subtypes in humans 2,3:
arterial vasa vasorum: arises from various arteries based on anatomical location (e.g. intercostal arteries for desc...
Article
Heterozygous HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease
Heterozygous HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease, also known as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy type 2 (CADASIL2), is a very rare monogenic cerebral small vessel disease.
Heterozygous HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease ...
Article
Penetrating trauma
Penetrating trauma is a type of trauma in which a foreign body or bodies penetrate the skin, create a wound and injure the deeper tissues. The foreign body can remain in the patient or can exit the patient, either through the same entry wound (e.g. knife stabbing) or via a separate exit wound (t...
Article
SRU management guidelines for gallbladder polyps
The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) consensus recommendation for the management of incidentally detected gallbladder polyps was published in 2021 1.
Usage
The SRU consensus recommendation is one of many guidelines for the management of incidentally detected gallbladder polyps. The ...
Article
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome is a rare, potentially lethal, multisystemic disorder, characterized by congenital immunocompromise with susceptibility to bacterial infections, a bleeding diathesis, partial albinism affecting the skin and eyes, and gradual neurological decline 2,3.
Epidemiology
The e...
Article
Cloverleaf sign (deep infiltrating endometriosis)
The cloverleaf sign is an MRI sign of deep infiltrating endometriosis described in one case series 1. It is detectable on T2W sequences in sagittal, coronal, and axial planes when at least three organs (uterus, ovaries, rectum, bowel loops, etc.) are brought closer by constrictive adhesions and ...
Article
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids or anal cushions are normal vascular cushions of submucosal tissue present since birth in the anal canal and help in maintaining stool continence 2,6. Symptomatic pathological hemorrhoids occur secondary to raised intra-abdominal pressure 2.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of hemorrhoi...
Article
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a rare spectrum of disorders with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance 6. The syndrome incorporates all of 5:
Axenfeld anomaly: posterior embryotoxon and peripheral irido-corneal adhesions
Rieger anomaly: findings of Axenfeld anomaly along with corectopia (m...
Article
LI-RADS US Surveillance
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Ultrasound Surveillance (LI-RADS US Surveillance) is a standardized system with recommendations for imaging technique, interpretation and reporting for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using unenhanced ultrasound in patients at high risk for ...
Article
Round ligament varicosities
Round ligament varicosities are dilated and tortuous veins in the round ligament, these are rare although most commonly seen during pregnancy and the postpartum period. They constitute an important differential diagnosis for inguinal masses as to avoid unnecessary surgery and associated complica...
Article
Amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery
Amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery describes an acute amnestic syndrome secondary to ischemic stroke affecting the subcallosal artery which leads to infarction of the bilateral fornices.
Epidemiology
The exact incidence of amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery is not known, but ...
Article
Transient hepatic echogenicity differences
Transient hepatic echogenicity differences (THED) are areas of differential enhancement of the liver parenchyma depicted with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using microbubble intravascular contrast agents. They are equivalent to transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) with contrast...
Article
CEUS LI-RADS
The Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS) is a standardized classification system, algorithm, and terminology for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk patients using CEUS with blood-pool intravenous contrast agents.
The current ver...
Article
Aortoesophageal fistula
Aortoesophageal (aorto-esophageal) fistulae are pathologic communications between the aorta and esophagus and result in life-threatening upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. They are fatal in the absence of prompt management.
Epidemiology
Aortoesophageal fistulas are a rare entity that accounts...
Article
5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery
5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery is an intraoperative technique that takes advantage of tumor cells accumulating a fluorescent compound to make the location of the tumor more readily apparent. It is primarily used in the resection of high-grade gliomas (e.g. glioblastoma, grade 3 or 4 astrocyto...
Article
Left hemicolectomy
Left hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure in which splenic flexure, descending colon, and a portion of the sigmoid colon are removed for radical treatment of various pathologies affecting the descending colon.
Indications
colon cancer
inflammatory bowel disease
isolated left diverticular di...
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