Items tagged “ophthalmology”
41 results
Article
Idiopathic orbital inflammation
Idiopathic orbital inflammation, also known as orbital pseudotumour, or idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome and non-specific orbital inflammation, is an idiopathic inflammatory condition that most commonly involves the extraocular muscles. Less commonly there is inflammatory change involvin...
Article
Retinal detachment
Retinal detachment is a detachment of the neurosensory retina from the underlying pigmented choroid. Apposition of the retinal pigmented epithelium to the overlying retina is essential for normal retinal function.
Terminology
There are numerous subtypes of retinal detachment 5:
rhegmatogenous...
Article
Adie syndrome
Adie syndrome, also known as Holmes-Adie syndrome, is a rare neurological disorder.
Epidemiology
Adie syndrome is a rare condition that is most commonly seen in young females in their fourth decade of life 2,3.
Clinical presentation
Patients most commonly present with a classic triad of:
di...
Case
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy - retinal detachment
![](https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/28634/38606101171a5b7cf1a7bdd6100ecd_thumb.jpg)
Published
21 Aug 2009
60% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Exudative retinitis
Exudative retinitis, also known as retinal telangiectasis or Coats disease, is a rare congenital disease affecting the eyes and a cause of leukocoria.
Epidemiology
It occurs predominantly in young males, with the onset of symptoms generally appearing in the first decade of life with a peak age...
Article
Extraocular muscles
The extraocular muscles (EOMs) are the six skeletal muscles that insert onto the eye and hence control eye movements.
Terminology
The extraocular muscles maybe subdivided into the recti muscles and the oblique muscles.
Action
A summary of the principal actions of each muscle are given below....
Article
Ocular metastasis
Ocular metastases, also termed uveal metastases, are the most common intraocular malignant tumours, and are probably underdiagnosed 1. Ocular metastases need to be distinguished from extraocular metastasis, a quite different group of tumours.
This article will discuss metastatic lesions affecti...
Article
Globe rupture
Globe rupture is an ophthalmologic emergency. A ruptured globe or an open-globe injury must be assessed in any patient who has suffered orbital trauma because open-globe injuries are a major cause of blindness.
In blunt trauma, ruptures are most common just posterior to the insertions of the re...
Article
Proptosis
Proptosis (rare plural: proptoses) refers to forward protrusion of the globe with respect to the orbit. Proptosis can be relative (to the contralateral eye), comparative (to a prior measurement of the same eye), or absolute (based on normal population reference values).
Terminology
Exophthalmo...
Case
Intraconal extra-ocular malignant melanoma metastasis
![](https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/3073166/8eca1be79f31de4b4d6db41bb0e8a9_thumb.jpg)
Published
22 Mar 2013
83% complete
CT
Case
Globe rupture (anterior chamber)
![](https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/6486949/45ff3d0e18b918e5ca35e2bdbfa868_thumb.jpg)
Published
28 Mar 2014
62% complete
CT
Article
Optic neuropathy
Optic neuropathy is a broad term and can result from a variety of causes.
Pathology
genetic
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
compression or trauma (traumatic optic neuropathy)
optic nerve sheath meningioma
progressive diaphyseal dysplasia
thyroid-associated orbitopathy
shear injury
sku...
Article
Optic neuritis
Optic neuritis denotes inflammation of the optic nerve and is one of the more common causes of optic neuropathy. It can be thought of as broadly divided into infectious and non-infectious causes, although the latter is far more frequent (including idiopathic cases). On imaging, optic neuritis is...
Case
Orbital floor fracture with ruptured globe
![](https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/10190602/73dfcd06c1cb838096bc455b648b73_thumb.jpeg)
Published
16 Jan 2015
95% complete
CT
Article
Scleritis
Scleritis refers to inflammation of the sclera. It has a wide range of causes.
Epidemiology
It can affect any age group but usually those between ages 30 and 50 years. There is a recognised increased female predilection (F:M of ~2:1).
Pathology
Information on the pathogenesis of scleritis is...
Article
Enlarged extraocular muscles (differential)
There is a short list of causes for enlarged extraocular muscles. The differential can be narrowed by the clinical history, known systemic illness, pattern of specific muscles involved, the muscle morphology, as well as concurrent findings outside the muscles 3:
inflammatory, infectious, and de...
Article
Choroidal detachment
Choroidal detachment is a detachment of the choroid from the underlying sclera due to the accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space, generally due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), as observed in some settings:
choroidal effusion
transudative: trauma
exudative: fluid accumulati...
Case
Choroidal naevus
![](https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/22792516/eaa667caefa7face16d2efe1dcea5b_thumb.jpeg)
Published
27 May 2016
72% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Nasolacrimal tumours
Nasolacrimal tumours, in other words, tumours involving the nasolacrimal drainage apparatus are uncommon and have a variety of histologies. They are a more common cause of a lacrimal sac mass than an inflammatory cause.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation of nasolacrimal tumours are t...
Case
Scleral buckle surgery
![](https://prod-images-static.radiopaedia.org/images/27715086/4db1e5e22f300462585cd5f4a080da_thumb.jpeg)
Published
19 Jan 2017
86% complete
CT