Items tagged “refs”
2,957 results
Article
Emerging medical imaging technologies
This article is a summary of emerging medical imaging technologies in development or in the early phase of clinical adoption. The methods are listed by modality.
Radiography
dark-field radiography
x-ray phase-contrast imaging
CT
dark-field CT
deep-learning reconstruction
photon counting ...
Article
Diffuse ground-glass opacification
Diffuse or widespread ground-glass opacification/opacity can either manifest as diffuse ground-glass nodules or amorphous areas of diffuse ground glass.
They can carry a wide differential diagnosis 1-3:
diffuse alveolar disease
hydrostatic pulmonary oedema
acute respiratory distress syndrome...
Article
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction
Pembrolizumab-induced sarcoid-like reaction (c.2019) is a phenomenon which has been associated with the use of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. It could be mistaken for metastatic disease in some situations.
See also
drug induced lung disease
immune checkpoi...
Article
Acetabular retroversion
Acetabular retroversion denotes an abnormal posterior angulation of the superolateral acetabular rim, resulting in excessive coverage of the femoral head and metaphysis along the anterior border 1,2.
Epidemiology
Acetabular retroversion is a common abnormality affecting 5 to 20% of the genera...
Article
Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyomas are rare benign mesenchymal tumours that can be classified as:
cardiac rhabdomyoma
extracardiac (non-cardiac) rhabdomyoma
adult rhabdomyoma
fetal rhabdomyoma
genital rhabdomyoma
Article
Splenic histoplasmosis
Splenic histoplasmosis can manifest with splenomegaly and splenic hypoattenuation. It is more common in immunosuppressed patients (e.g. HIV/AIDS), particularly in endemic areas (e.g. central USA) 1,2. Healed splenic histoplasmosis is one of the causes of diffuse splenic calcifications 2.
See a...
Article
Cardiac strain imaging
Strain imaging is a cardiac imaging technique that detects ventricular deformation patterns and functional abnormalities before they become obvious as regional wall motion abnormalities on conventional cine imaging or echo. It has become more popular lately due to several technological improveme...
Article
Groin pain
Groin pain is a symptom manifesting in a wide spectrum of clinical disorders and diseases in athletes and non-athletes.
The Doha agreement in 2014 identified and classified groin pain in athletes and defined the following clinical entities 1, 2:
adductor-related, pubic-related, inguinal-relate...
Article
Skinfold artifact
The skinfold artifact can mimic a pneumothorax on chest radiography and is caused by the added density of a skin fold against the image. It appears as a broad opacity laterally, outlined by a lucent line (Mach band effect) 2.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
The following features may h...
Article
Edge of film error
Edge of film errors, also known as corner of film errors, are a classical perceptual error in radiology where a pertinent finding, whether incidental or not, is at the margin or edge of the image.
It is now used for all modalities, in both a literal sense, i.e. actually at the edge of the image...
Article
Coal mine dust lung disease
Coal mine dust lung disease encompasses a number of occupational lung diseases 1,2:
coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP)
mixed dust pneumoconiosis
silicosis
dust-related diffuse fibrosis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Article
ARCO classification of femoral head osteonecrosis
The ARCO classification (Association Research Circulation Osseous classification) is one of the staging systems used to assess femoral head osteonecrosis. It was created in 1994 and periodically revised. The revision from 2019 2 includes using radiographs and MRIs.
Classification
stage 0
pla...
Article
Hip impingement syndromes (overview)
There are several different impingement syndromes of and around the hip, which are all characterised by a painful reduction of motion in the hip joint 1:
femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)
ischiofemoral impingement
subspine (anterior inferior iliac spine) impingement
greater trochanteric-pel...
Article
Staghorn pattern of vascularity
The staghorn pattern of vascularity is a pathological term describing a pattern of vascularity seen on low-power light microscopy. It is defined by multiple thin-walled, sharply-branched and jagged vessels having an "antler-like" or "staghorn-like" appearance 1.
It is classically described with...
Article
Intramuscular lipoma
Intramuscular lipomas are deep-seated lipomas located within a muscle.
Terminology
Intramuscular lipomas share the term ‘infiltrating lipoma’ with intermuscular lipomas.
Epidemiology
Intramuscular lipomas account for about 1% of all lipomas and occur in all age groups with most occurring bet...
Article
Billowing phenomenon
Billowing phenomenon refers to the presence of contrast medium on contrast-enhanced CT outside of graft metal struts, due to the specific construction characteristic typical of the AFX® stent-graft (Endologix, Inc., USA), designed to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms. It has a unique internal sca...
Article
Tuberous sclerosis (mnemonic)
The findings of tuberous sclerosis can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonic:
HAMARTOMAS
Mnemonic
H: hamartomas (CNS, retinal and skin)
A: angiofibroma (facial) or adenoma sebaceum
M: mitral regurgitation
A: ash-leaf spots
R: rhabdomyoma (cardiac)
T: tubers (cortical, sub...
Article
Sturge-Weber syndrome (mnemonic)
Some key findings pertaining to Sturge-Weber syndrome may be recalled using the following mnemonics:
STURGE CAPS
8 Cs
Mnemonics
STURGE CAPS
S: seizures, sporadic
T: tram-track gyriform calcification; trigeminal territory port-wine stain
U: unilateral weakness (hemiparesis contralateral to...
Article
Cannonball metastasis (mnemonic)
Cannonball metastases refer to multiple large, well-circumscribed, round pulmonary metastases. Numerous primary tumours have been described presenting with cannonball metastases, however, some primary tumours have a predilection for this presentation.
It should be noted that it is difficult to...
Article
Intermediate weighted images
An intermediate weighted image is acquired by a sequence with a proton-density like long repetition time and a prolonged echo time usually 35-60 ms 1,2. It combines the ability to depict the detailed anatomy of a proton density-weighted image with the fluid sensitivity of a T2-weighted sequence,...
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