Items tagged “refs”
2,972 results found
Article
Black hole sign (intracerebral haemorrhage)
The black hole sign refers to the non-contrast CT appearance of acute extravasation of blood into a haematoma, for example, an intracerebral haemorrhage, and therefore is a predictor of haemorrhage expansion 3. It can be thought of as an encapsulated swirl sign.
Radiographic features
The black...
Article
Intracranial translucency
Intracranial translucency (IT) is the ultrasound appearance of the fourth ventricle in mid-sagittal plane as seen on 11-13 week antenatal scan. It is used as a marker for neural tube defects. Its absence is reported in open spina bifida 1.
Radiographic features
Technique
the fetus must be in ...
Article
Klebsiella
Klebsiella is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, which is relatively commonly encountered in the healthcare environment. It has numerous species, including K. pneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and K. rhinoscleromatis 1. Klebsiella may cause a range of infections, most commo...
Article
Neck axis distance
The neck axis distance is a measurement of acetabular version, although it has only been described in one study (c.2022) 1.
Measurement
On an AP pelvic x-ray, a line (N) is drawn along the axis of the femoral neck bisecting a circle of best fit drawn around the femoral head. The neck axis dist...
Article
Cerebellomedullary cisterns
Cerebellomedullary cisterns are basal cisterns located laterally and posteriorly around the medulla, between it and the adjacent cerebellum.
They are divided into paired lateral cerebellomedullary cisterns (located on either side of the medulla, directly inferior to the cerebellopontine cister...
Article
Subtalar arthroereisis
Subtalar arthroereisis is a non-fusion surgical treatment of paediatric symptomatic flexible flatfoot (pes planus). The procedure involves the insertion of an implant into the subtalar joint to correct excessive hindfoot eversion.
Procedure
There are two techniques for subtalar arthroereisis1:...
Article
Protracted bacterial bronchitis
Protracted bacterial bronchitis is one of the most common causes of cough in children, particularly those aged <6 years. Is it characterised by a chronic wet cough with no associated cause and tends to respond to 2 weeks of antibiotic therapy.
Epidemiology
Protracted bacterial bronchitis is th...
Article
Familial hypercholesterolaemia
Familial hypercholesterolaemia is a common autosomal dominant 1 condition resulting in hyperlipidaemia.
Epidemiology
1 in 200 individuals are estimated to be carriers of at least one gene associated with familial hypercholesterolaemia 1.
Pathology
Features of hyperlipidaemia such as early/e...
Article
Posterior meningeal artery
The posterior meningeal artery (PMA) is the largest artery supplying the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa ref.
Gross anatomy
Origin and course
The origin of the posterior meningeal artery is quite variable 1,2. It most commonly arises from the V3 segment and occasionally from the V4 ...
Article
Acanthosis nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans is a cutaneous disorder characterised by symmetric hyperpigmented velvety plaques on the neck, axillae, antecubital and popliteal fossae, inframammary, and groin areas. It is associated with acquired lipodystrophy.
Pathology
The benign form of acanthosis nigricans is assoc...
Article
Flashlight sign (B-flow)
The flashlight sign is a B-flow vascular ultrasound sign caused by wall adherent and floating thrombi and emboli in arteries, which appear as bright spots on imaging.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
The flashlight sign is described as a moving, very bright intraluminal focus of signal on B-f...
Article
Reversible bronchiectasis
Reversible bronchiectasis is a term describing dilated bronchial tree in a patient with a collapsed (atelectatic) lobe. It is thought to be due to increased tension on the bronchial wall by the collapsed lung. The dilated bronchi usually return to their normal size when the lung expands. The phr...
Article
Sharp mediastinum sign
The sharp mediastinum sign is a unique sign in neonatal chest x-rays for medial pneumothoraces or pneumomediastinum, especially as a complication to mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
As neonatal chest x-rays are taken with t...
Article
Rectus capitis anterior muscle
The rectus capitis anterior muscle is a short muscle that belongs to the prevertebral and anterior neck muscles. It is located anterior to the vertebral column and stretches between the atlas and the base of the skull.
Summary
origin: lateral mass and transverse process of atlas (C1)
insertio...
Article
Sinus tarsi "see-through" sign
Sinus tarsi "see-through" sign is a radiological sign noted in pes cavus and/or hindfoot varus with the alignment of the sinus tarsi parallel to the x-ray beam resulting in the ability to "see-through" the sinus tarsi on lateral foot x-rays 1,2.
Article
Middle clunal nerve
The middle clunal nerve is a sensory nerve that originates from S1-S4 1. It travels underneath the long posterior sacroiliac ligament (LPSL) and passes between the posterior superior iliac spine and posterior inferior iliac spine to course over the iliac crest 1. It supplies sensation to the lum...
Article
Soleal sling syndrome
Soleal sling syndrome is a rare tibial nerve entrapment syndrome. More commonly the tibial nerve gets entrapped in the tarsal tunnel. In soleal sling syndrome, the nerve gets compressed under the tendinous arch at the origin of soleus muscle 1.
Clinical presentation
Can present with numbness i...
Article
Intertransversarii muscle group
The intertransversarii muscles are small and short muscles found in the deepest layer of the intrinsic back muscles extending between the transverse processes of adjacent cervical and lumbar vertebrae. The cervical intertransversarii are subdivided into seven pairs of anterior and posterior musc...
Article
Amyloid myopathy
Amyloid myopathy results from the extracellular deposition of the fibrous protein amyloid within the musculoskeletal system and is a musculoskeletal manifestation of amyloidosis, particularly in patients on long-term haemodialysis. It could coexist with amyloid arthropathy.
See also
amyloidosi...
Article
Von Laer classification of paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures
The Von Laer classification, also known as the Laer classification, is used to grade the severity and the need for further diagnostic evaluation and surgical correction of paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures, based on their clinical and radiological presentation.
Classification
Von Laer...
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