Items tagged “stub”
1,317 results
Article
Pelvic digit
Pelvic digit, also known as a pelvic rib, pelvic finger, or 11th finger, is a rare congenital abnormality where there is a development of bony tissue in the soft tissue pelvis and less commonly in the abdomen. They can be associated with one or more pseudoarticulations. They are usually unilater...
Article
Primary urethral malignant melanoma
Melanoma of the urethra is a very rare tumour of the male urethra and often presents as an invasive prostatic mass. As such it is usually referred to as primary prostatic malignant melanoma.
Article
Germ cell tumour (overview)
Germ cell tumours can be divided into two broad groups: seminoma and non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT). The latter is then divided further according to histology:
seminoma
non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT)
embryonal cell carcinoma
choriocarcinoma
yolk sac tumour
teratoma
...
Article
Transfusion-related acute lung injury
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is defined as non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema temporally related to transfusion therapy.
It tends to occur within 6 hours after a blood transfusion and requires exclusion of other alternative diagnoses such as sepsis or volume overload.
Radiogra...
Article
AIDS-defining illness
AIDS-defining illnesses are conditions that in the setting of a HIV infection confirm the diagnosis of AIDS and do not commonly occur in immunocompetent individuals 2. According to the CDC surveillance case definition 1, they are:
Infectious
bacterial infections: multiple or recurrent
candidi...
Article
Carcinosarcoma
Carcinosarcomas are highly malignant biphasic tumours with both carcinomatous (epithelial) and sarcomatous (bone, cartilage, or skeletal muscle) components.
Pathology
It can arise in many organs:
lung 5: pulmonary carcinosarcoma
oesophagus 1: oesophageal carcinosarcoma
genitourinary tract ...
Article
Anoxic brain injury
Anoxic brain injury, also known as global hypoxic-ischaemic injury, is seen in all age groups (from antenatal to the elderly) as a result of numerous aetiologies. The pattern of injury depends on a number of factors including:
age of the patient (brain maturity)
neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic ence...
Article
Adrenal pseudocyst
Adrenal pseudocysts account for ~40% of adrenal cysts and are more likely than simple adrenal cysts to be symptomatic.
Pathology
Pseudocysts do not have an epithelial lining and typically arise after an episode of adrenal haemorrhage. There is an ~7% association with malignancy (e.g. from haem...
Article
Anterior superior iliac spine avulsion injury
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion injuries typically occur in athletes during forceful muscular contraction. The anterior superior iliac spine is the site of attachment for sartorius and tensor fascia latae muscles.
Pathology
Anterior superior iliac spine avulsion, like other pelv...
Article
Umbilical-urachal sinus
An umbilical-urachal sinus belongs to the spectrum of congenital urachal anomalies and represents a non-communicating dilatation of the urachus at the umbilical end.
Clinical presentation
Presentation is more common in children and rare in adults.
Radiographic features
An umbilical-urachal s...
Article
Allgrove syndrome
Allgrove syndrome (also known as triple A syndrome) is an autosomal recessive condition that consists of three main findings:
achalasia
alacrima
ACTH insensitivity
Article
Chauveaux–Liet angle
The Chauveaux–Liet angle (CL angle) is represented by the difference between the angle of verticalization (α) and morphologic angle (β) of the calcaneus (CL angle = α − β).
Angle α is the calcaneal pitch angle or angle of verticalization of calcaneus described as the intersection of the baselin...
Article
Congenital coronary artery anomalies
Congenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAAs) are not common, found only in ~1% (range 0.1-2%) of patients 1,3.
The major anomalies are due to abnormal course, abnormal origin or a combination of both.
The most important finding to look for is the "malignant" course of the anomalous coronary ar...
Article
Acute motor axonal neuropathy
Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is characterised as progressive symmetrical flaccid paralysis with areflexia. It is a pure motor axonopathy and is a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Terminology
In 1991, a short-lived epidemic of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) was seen in Northern China....
Article
Thymic wave sign
Thymic wave sign refers to the indentation of the normal thymus in young children by the ribs, resulting in a wavy border on chest radiograph.
There are at least 3 described signs relating to a normal thymus in infants; thymic sail sign, thymic notch sign and thymic wave sign. Being able to id...
Article
High riding shoulder
A high-riding shoulder refers to the superior displacement/subluxation of the humeral head with resultant decrease in the acromiohumeral distance.
The differential for a high-riding shoulder is:
rotator cuff tear with or without rotator cuff arthropathy
rheumatoid arthritis: rheumatoid arthri...
Article
Acute aortic syndrome
Acute aortic syndrome describes the presentation of patients with one of a number of life-threatening aortic pathologies that give rise to similar clinical presentations.
Exactly which entities are included under the umbrella term acute aortic syndrome varies somewhat from publication to public...
Article
Swischuk line
The Swischuk line is helpful in differentiating pathological anterior displacement of the cervical spine from physiological displacement, termed pseudosubluxation.
Measurement
the line is drawn from anterior aspect of posterior arch of C1 to anterior aspect of posterior arch of C3
the anterio...
Article
Generalised reduced hepatic echogenicity
Causes of generalised reduction of liver echogenicity on ultrasound include:
acute hepatitis
diffuse malignant infiltration
See also
generalised increase in liver echogenicity
hepatic attenuation on CT
Article
BCGosis
BCGosis is a rare granulomatous disease following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy used in the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
It manifests as a miliary pattern best seen in the lungs.
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