Items tagged “stub”
1,317 results
Article
Shortening of the cervical canal
Shortening of the uterine cervical canal as the name implies refers to an abnormal shortening of the uterine cervical length. It is considered a sign of cervical incompetence during pregnancy and can lead to premature delivery.
Pathology
Aetiology
primary (i.e. congenital/idiopathic)
seconda...
Article
Mesomelia
Mesomelia refers to a shortening of the middle (intermediate) portion of a limb.
Pathology
Associations
mesomelia-synostoses syndrome (MSS) or mesomelic dysplasia with acral synostoses1
Ellis van-Creveld syndrome 2
Robinow syndrome
See also
rhizomelia
Article
Placental teratoma
A placental teratoma is a very rare placental tumour.
Pathology
A placental teratoma is benign and almost never associated with congenital deformities in the fetus.
Radiographic features
Antenatal ultrasound
May show a heterogeneous mass at the placental margin. Hyperechoic foci consistent ...
Article
Placental tumours
There are many tumours that can involve the placenta.
These can be of very different pathology and can include
placental chorioangioma (considered the most common primary tumour of the placenta 1)
placental chorioangiomatosis
placental teratoma
placental metastases
placental site trophob...
Article
Multicentric breast cancer
A multicentric breast cancer is a term given to a breast cancer where there are two or more breast cancers separated by normal breast tissue (often taken as 5 cm of separation 4). It is related to but distinct from the term multifocal breast cancer.
At a pathological level It can also mean 2
t...
Article
Subamniotic haemorrhage
Subamniotic haemorrhage is considered a type of perigestational haemorrhage.
Pathology
Subamniotic haematomas are classical placental pathological lesions resulting from the rupture of chorionic vessels (allanto-chorionic vessels) close to the cord insertion.
A subamniotic haemorrhage is con...
Article
Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome
The Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome is a sub type of congenital nephrotic syndrome. A large placenta and proteinuria from birth are considered hallmarks of the disease 2. The proteinuria is often of intra-uterine onset. Although it is named the Finnish type, it can occur outside Finla...
Article
Demise of a twin
Demise of a twin is a complication that can occur in a twin pregnancy (particularly monochorionic pregnancies) and may be due to a wide range of conditions. Once the twin dies, most of the dead twin tends to be absorbed leaving behind a small flattened remnant known as the fetus papyraceus.
Epi...
Article
Spontaneous nipple discharge
Spontaneous nipple discharge from a non-lactating breast can result from many causes which include:
papillary lesions of breast: present in ~35-50% of cases with spontaneous nipple discharge
intraductal papilloma
fibrocystic change
mammary duct ectasia
ductal carcinoma in situ: 5-21%
Article
Residual breast cancer
A residual breast cancer is a remaining portion of the original primary breast cancer after an incomplete resection or following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The term is particularly used in assessing patients who have had neo-adjuvant chemo +/- radiotherapy.
Article
Ovarian teratoma
Ovarian teratomas are the most common group of ovarian germ cell tumours.
They can be divided into 3 main sub types
mature ovarian teratoma
immature ovarian teratoma
specialised teratoma
struma ovarii tumour
See also
ovarian tumours
Article
Cooper ligament
Cooper ligaments are the fibrous connections between the inner side of the breast skin and the pectoral muscles. Working in conjunction with the fatty tissues and the more fibrous lobular tissues, they are largely responsible for maintaining the shape and configuration of the breast. They play a...
Article
Late mediolateral view
A late mediolateral projection is an additional view that can be used whenever,in the presence of rounded calcifications of probable intracystic nature, the standard ML view does not allow the recognition of the characteristic tea cups appearance due to the density of milk of calcium.
A second ...
Article
Noack syndrome
The Noack syndrome is a type of acrocephalopolysyndactyly. It is now considered a variant of the Pfeiffer syndrome 2.
Article
Gestational choriocarcinoma
Gestational choriocarcinoma (GC) is a type of choriocarcinoma that follows a gestational event. Similar to choriocarcinomas in general, it lies at the malignant end of the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Pathology
Approximately 50% of gestational choriocarcinomas arise from a pr...
Article
Live ectopic pregnancy
A live ectopic pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy where a live extrauterine fetus can be demonstrated.
Article
Umbilical cord pseudocyst
Umbilical cord pseudocysts are a type of cystic lesion occurring in relation to the umbilical cord.
Epidemiology
Although the true incidence is not accurately known, they are comparatively much more common than true umbilical cord cysts.
Pathology
The pseudocyst basically comprises of mucoid...
Article
Ovarian adenofibroma
An ovarian adenofibroma is a type of ovarian epithelial tumour. Many authors however overlap this entity with an ovarian cystadenofibroma and consider these tumours often as part of an adenofibroma - cystadenofibroma spectrum.
Pathology
Adenofibromas are benign compound tumours composed of int...
Article
SADDAN syndrome
SADDAN syndrome is an acronym for severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans. It is an extremely rare condition, and as the name states, comprises a combination of skeletal anomalies includes craniosynostosis 2, brain and cutaneous anomalies.
Pathology
Genetics
Th...
Article
Reversed CC view
The reversed CC view is an additional view. It is useful for the study of breasts with surgical scars in the lower quadrants. The ability to see the scar through the compressor paddle offers to the mammographer the possibility to flatten it properly, reducing the formation of scar folds as well ...
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