Ankylosing spondylitis (thoracic manifestations)
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Thoracic manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis can be varied. For a general discussion of the condition refer to the parent article on ankylosing spondylitis.
It can affect the tracheobronchial tree and the lung parenchyma, and the disease spectrum includes:
- upper lobe fibrocystic changes
- early involvement may be unilateral or asymmetrical
- most cases eventually consist of bilateral apical fibrobullous lesions
- most can be progressive with coalescence of the nodules
- formation of cysts and cavities, fibrosis, and bronchiectasis can occur
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- lung nodules (uncommon)
- pleural thickening (uncommon)
- effects of chest wall restriction
-<p><strong>Thoracic manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis </strong>can be varied. For a general discussion of the condition refer to the parent article on <a href="/articles/ankylosing-spondylitis">ankylosing spondylitis</a>.</p><p>It can affect the tracheobronchial tree and the lung parenchyma and the disease spectrum includes</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Thoracic manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis </strong>can be varied. For a general discussion of the condition refer to the parent article on <a href="/articles/ankylosing-spondylitis">ankylosing spondylitis</a>.</p><p>It can affect the tracheobronchial tree and the lung parenchyma, and the disease spectrum includes:</p><ul>
-<li>formation of cysts and cavities, fibrosis, and bronchiectasis can occur. </li>- +<li>formation of cysts and cavities, fibrosis, and bronchiectasis can occur</li>
-<li>pleural thickening (uncommon)</li>- +<li>
- +<a title="Pleural thickening" href="/articles/pleural-thickening">pleural thickening</a> (uncommon)</li>
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