Barrow classification of caroticocavernous fistulae

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Barrow caroticocavernous fistula classification divides caroticocavernous fistulas into direct (type A) or indirect (types B-D). This classification was proposed by Barrow et al. in 1985 ¹ and at the time of writing (mid ~~2016~~-2016) remains the most widely used system for describing caroticocavernous fistulas. Indirect fistulae are further subdivided according to whether the supply is from the internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, or both.

Classification

type A (most common ²): a direct connection between the...
- intracavernous internal carotid artery, and the...
- cavernous sinus
type B: dural shunt (indirect) between the...
- meningeal branches of the intracavernous internal carotid artery, and the...
- cavernous sinus
type C: dural shunt (indirect) between...
- meningeal branches of the external carotid artery, and the...
- cavernous sinus
type D: dural shunt (indirect) between both...
- meningeal branches of the intracavernous internal carotid artery (type B), and the...
- meningeal branches of the external carotid artery (type C), and the...
- cavernous sinus

Alternative classifications

~~Tomsick et al have further proposed dividing type D in D1 (unilateral supply) and D2 (bilateral supply)~~ ⁴.

In 2015 Thomas et al. proposed an alternative classification system based on venous drainage ³.

Tomsick et al. have also proposed further dividing type D in D1 (unilateral supply) and D2 (bilateral supply) ⁴.

-Barrow caroticocavernous fistula classification divides <a href="/articles/caroticocavernous-fistula-1">caroticocavernous fistulas</a> into direct (type A) or indirect (types B-D). This classification was proposed by Barrow et al. in 1985 1 and at the time of writing (mid 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing caroticocavernous fistulas. Indirect fistulae are further subdivided according to whether supply is from the internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, or both. <h4>Classification</h4><ul>
+Barrow caroticocavernous fistula classification divides <a href="/articles/caroticocavernous-fistula-1">caroticocavernous fistulas</a> into direct (type A) or indirect (types B-D). This classification was proposed by Barrow et al. in 1985 1 and at the time of writing (mid-2016) remains the most widely used system for describing caroticocavernous fistulas. Indirect fistulae are further subdivided according to whether the supply is from the internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, or both. <h4>Classification</h4><ul>
-</ul><h4>Alternative classifications</h4>Tomsick et al have further proposed dividing type D in D1 (unilateral supply) and D2 (bilateral supply) 4. In 2015 Thomas et al. proposed an alternative classification system based on venous drainage 3.
+</ul><h4>Alternative classifications</h4>In 2015 Thomas et al. proposed an alternative classification system based on venous drainage 3.Tomsick et al. have also proposed further dividing type D in D1 (unilateral supply) and D2 (bilateral supply) 4.

References changed:

2. Ellis JA, Goldstein H, Connolly ES Jr, Meyers PM. (2012). Carotid-cavernous fistulas. Neurosurgical Focus, 32(5), E9. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.2.FOCUS1223.">doi:10.3171/2012.2.FOCUS1223.</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22537135">Pubmed citation</a>
2. Ellis JA, Goldstein H, Connolly ES Jr, Meyers PM. (2012). Carotid-cavernous fistulas. Neurosurgical Focus, 32(5), E9. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.2.FOCUS1223.">doi:10.3171/2012.2.FOCUS1223.</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22537135">Pubmed citation</a>
3. Thomas AJ, Chua M, Fusco M, Ogilvy CS, Tubbs RS, Harrigan MR, Griessenauer CJ (2015). Proposal of Venous Drainage–Based Classification System for Carotid Cavernous Fistulae With Validity Assessment in a Multicenter Cohort. Neurosurgery, 77(3), 380-385. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000829">doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000829</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26280824">Pubmed citation</a>
3. Thomas AJ, Chua M, Fusco M, Ogilvy CS, Tubbs RS, Harrigan MR, Griessenauer CJ (2015). Proposal of Venous Drainage–Based Classification System for Carotid Cavernous Fistulae With Validity Assessment in a Multicenter Cohort. Neurosurgery, 77(3), 380-385. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000829">doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000829</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26280824">Pubmed citation</a>
4. Ernst RJ, Tomsick TA (1997). Classification and angiography of carotid cavernous fistulas. Cincinnati: Digital Education Publishing; 13–22.
4. Ernst RJ, Tomsick TA (1997). Classification and angiography of carotid cavernous fistulas. Cincinnati: Digital Education Publishing; 13–22.
1. Barrow DL, Spector RH, Braun IF, Landman JA, Tindall SC, Tindall GT (1985). Classification and treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. Journal of Neurosurgery, 62(2): 248-56. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.62.2.0248">doi:10.3171/jns.1985.62.2.0248</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3968564">Pubmed citation</a>
4. Korkmazer B, Kocak B, Tureci E, Islak C, Kocer N, Kizilkilic O. Endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous sinus fistula: A systematic review. (2013) World journal of radiology. 5 (4): 143-55. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v5.i4.143">doi:10.4329/wjr.v5.i4.143</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23671750">Pubmed</a>
2. Ellis, J. A., Goldstein, H., Connolly Jr, E. S., & Meyers, P. M. (2012). Carotid-cavernous fistulas. Neurosurgical focus, 32(5), E9.
2. Ellis, J. A., Goldstein, H., Connolly Jr, E. S., & Meyers, P. M. (2012). Carotid-cavernous fistulas. Neurosurgical focus, 32(5), E9. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.2.FOCUS1223.">doi:10.3171/2012.2.FOCUS1223.</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22537135">Pubmed citation</a>
3. Thomas, A. J., Chua, M., Fusco, M., Ogilvy, C. S., Tubbs, R. S., Harrigan, M. R., & Griessenauer, C. J. (2015). Proposal of Venous Drainage–Based Classification System for Carotid Cavernous Fistulae With Validity Assessment in a Multicenter Cohort. Neurosurgery, 77(3), 380-385.
3. Thomas, A. J., Chua, M., Fusco, M., Ogilvy, C. S., Tubbs, R. S., Harrigan, M. R., & Griessenauer, C. J. (2015). Proposal of Venous Drainage–Based Classification System for Carotid Cavernous Fistulae With Validity Assessment in a Multicenter Cohort. Neurosurgery, 77(3), 380-385. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000829">doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000829</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26280824">Pubmed citation</a>
4. Ernst RJ, Tomsick TA. Classification and angiography of carotid cavernous fistulas. In: Tomsick TA, editor. Carotid cavernous sinus fistula. Cincinnati: Digital Education Publishing; 1997. pp. 13–22.
1. Barrow DL, Spector RH, Braun IF et-al. Classification and treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. J. Neurosurg. 1985;62 (2): 248-56. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.62.2.0248">doi:10.3171/jns.1985.62.2.0248</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3968564">Pubmed citation</a>