Intrauterine contraceptive device
Updates to Synonym Attributes
Title
was changed:
Intra Uterine Deviceuterine device (IUD)
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) are one of the most frequently used methods of contraception throughout the world. It prevents pregnancy by:
- thinnning the endometrial lining
- preventing sperm motility
- preventing
implantationimplantation
There are two main types of IUCDs:
- non-hormonal metallic (copper)
- hormonal
(Mirena(e.g. Mirena)
Radiographic features
Conventional radiography
Radiodense intrauterine structures most often 'T-shaped' or at times seen as a serpiginous structure.
Ultrasound
- ultrasound is the preferred modality in assessing an IUCD.
- properly placed IUCD may be visualised as a straight hyperechoic structure in the endometrial canal of the uterus and the arms of the IUD extending laterally at the uterine fundus.
- often causes posterior acoustic shadowing.
- the distance from the top of the uterine cavity to the
IUDIUCD should be < 3 mm - distance > 4 mm is more often associated with symptoms such as bleeding and pain, as well as with a higher risk of expulsion or displacement
- in cases where it becomes embedded, a part of it may be
visualizedvisualised within the myometrium. - if it is located too inferiorly, or if it begins to extend through the cervical os, its effectiveness is decreased and may also cause pelvic pain and/or bleeding. It should be repositioned.
3D ultrasound may be useful to help visualizevisualise the IUCD location (especially with serpiginous IUCDs) 4.
CT
Hyperattenuating structures with metallic density.
Treatment and prognosis
Complications
- IUCD embedding
- IUCD perforation
- three-fold increase risk of generalised pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- pregnancy associated with IUCD
- associated pregnancy with spontaneous abortion
- spontaneous expulsion of IUCD
- IUCD retention
- IUCD fragmentation
History and etymology
The IUCD was first developed by the German physician, Dr. R Richter of Waldenburg.
-<li>preventing implantation</li>- +<li>preventing implantation</li>
-<li><a href="/articles/hormonal-mirena-iucd">hormonal (Mirena)</a></li>- +<li>hormonal (e.g. Mirena)</li>
-<li>the distance from the top of the uterine cavity to the IUD should be < 3 mm </li>- +<li>the distance from the top of the uterine cavity to the IUCD should be < 3 mm </li>
-<li>in cases where it becomes embedded, a part of it may be visualized within the myometrium.</li>- +<li>in cases where it becomes embedded, a part of it may be visualised within the myometrium.</li>
-</ul><p><a href="/articles/3d-ultrasound">3D ultrasound</a> may be useful to help visualize the IUCD location (especially with serpiginous IUCDs) <sup>4</sup>.</p><h5>CT</h5><p>Hyperattenuating structures with metallic density.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><h5>Complications</h5><ul>- +</ul><p><a href="/articles/3d-ultrasound">3D ultrasound</a> may be useful to help visualise the IUCD location (especially with serpiginous IUCDs) <sup>4</sup>.</p><h5>CT</h5><p>Hyperattenuating structures with metallic density.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><h5>Complications</h5><ul>
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.