Iron deficiency anaemia
- Integral Diagnostics, Shareholder (ongoing)
- Micro-X Ltd, Shareholder (ongoing)
Updates to Article Attributes
Iron deficiency anaemia is a common cause of anaemia and a common precipitant to radiological investigation.
Epidemiology
Amongst men and postmenopausal women, the incidence in the developed world is around 2%. Among premenopausal women, the incidence is greater and in most cases, investigation is not required.
Pathology
Aetiology
Causes may be related to reduced iron input, failure of storage or excessive losses:
inadequate stores at birth
insufficient dietary iron
failure to absorb iron, e.g. malabsorption such as coeliac disease
-
excessive iron demands
due toblood loss, e.g. GIT bleeding, menorrhagia
malignancy 2
cyanotic congenital heart disease
Investigations should include:
urinalysis
coeliac screening
upper GI endoscopy (UGIE)
sigmoidoscopy unless malignancy or coeliac disease is diagnosed with UGIE
colonoscopy may replace sigmoidoscopy in some centres
-<li>inadequate stores at birth</li>-<li>insufficient dietary iron</li>-<li>failure to absorb iron, e.g. malabsorption such as <a title="Coeliac disease" href="/articles/coeliac-disease-1">coeliac disease</a>-</li>-<li>excessive iron demands due to blood loss</li>-<li><a href="/articles/polycythaemia-rubra-vera">polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV)</a></li>-<li>cyanotic <a href="/articles/congenital-heart-disease">congenital heart disease</a>- +<li><p>inadequate stores at birth</p></li>
- +<li><p>insufficient dietary iron</p></li>
- +<li><p>failure to absorb iron, e.g. malabsorption such as <a href="/articles/coeliac-disease-1" title="Coeliac disease">coeliac disease</a></p></li>
- +<li>
- +<p>excessive iron demands</p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>blood loss, e.g. GIT bleeding, menorrhagia</p></li>
- +<li><p>malignancy <sup>2</sup></p></li>
- +</ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/polycythaemia-rubra-vera">polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV)</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>cyanotic <a href="/articles/congenital-heart-disease">congenital heart disease</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/congestive-cardiac-failure" title="Heart failure">chronic heart failure</a> <sup>2</sup></p></li>
-<li>urinalysis</li>-<li>coeliac screening</li>-<li>upper GI endoscopy (UGIE)</li>-<li>sigmoidoscopy unless malignancy or coeliac disease is diagnosed with UGIE</li>-<li>colonoscopy may replace sigmoidoscopy in some centres</li>- +<li><p>urinalysis</p></li>
- +<li><p>coeliac screening</p></li>
- +<li><p>upper GI endoscopy (UGIE)</p></li>
- +<li><p>sigmoidoscopy unless malignancy or coeliac disease is diagnosed with UGIE</p></li>
- +<li><p>colonoscopy may replace sigmoidoscopy in some centres</p></li>
References changed:
- 2. Čiburienė E, Čelutkienė J, Aidietienė S, Ščerbickaitė G, Lyon A. The Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Anemia and Their Impact on Survival in Patients at a Cardio-Oncology Clinic. Cardio-Oncology. 2020;6(1):29. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40959-020-00086-4">doi:10.1186/s40959-020-00086-4</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33292849">Pubmed</a>
Tags changed:
- cases
- case3
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