Maxillary antral carcinoma
Updates to Article Attributes
Maxillary antral carcinomas are an uncommon head and neck malignancy. They usually usually present late late despite growing large since it remains confined within the maxillary sinus and produces no symptoms.
Epidemiology
Most commonly affects patients aged over 45 years and has a strong male predilection (M:F = 5:1). Maxillary antral carcinomas are more in common in Africa and Asia than in Europe and North America 2.
Clinical presentation
When symptoms occur, they include, unilateral stiffness and obstruction, blood tinged nasal discharge, proptosis, diplopia, pain resembling toothache and enlargement and ulceration of the palate.
Pathology
The underlying histology of maxillary antral carcinomas are variable 2:
- squamous cell carcinoma (80%)
- adenoid cystic carcinoma (10%)
- adenocarcinoma
- verrucous carcinoma
- malignant melanoma
- sarcoma
- lymphoma
- metastases
Aetiology
The exact cause of maxillary antral carcinomas but exposure to wood dust along with EBV and HPV infection have been implicated in in its pathogenesis 2.
Radiographic features
It appears as irregular radiopacity within the sinus, perforating the sinus wall.
Treatment and prognosis
It includes a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Prognosis is extremely poor with a 5-year survival of ~10% 1.
-<p><strong>Maxillary antral carcinomas</strong> are an uncommon <a href="/articles/head-and-neck-malignancy">head and neck malignancy</a>. They usually present late despite growing large since it remains confined within the <a href="/articles/maxillary-sinus">maxillary sinus</a> and produces no symptoms.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Most commonly affects patients aged over 45 years and has a strong male predilection (M:F = 5:1). Maxillary antral carcinomas are more in common in Africa and Asia than in Europe and North America <sup>2</sup>. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>When symptoms occur, they include, unilateral stiffness and obstruction, blood tinged nasal discharge, proptosis, diplopia, pain resembling toothache and enlargement and ulceration of the palate.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The underlying histology of maxillary antral carcinomas are variable <sup>2</sup>:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Maxillary antral carcinomas</strong> are an uncommon <a href="/articles/head-and-neck-malignancy">head and neck malignancy</a>. They usually present late despite growing large since it remains confined within the <a href="/articles/maxillary-sinus">maxillary sinus</a> and produces no symptoms.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Most commonly affects patients aged over 45 years and has a strong male predilection (M:F = 5:1). Maxillary antral carcinomas are more in common in Africa and Asia than in Europe and North America <sup>2</sup>. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>When symptoms occur, they include, unilateral stiffness and obstruction, blood tinged nasal discharge, proptosis, diplopia, pain resembling toothache and enlargement and ulceration of the palate.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The underlying histology of maxillary antral carcinomas are variable <sup>2</sup>:</p><ul>
-<a href="/articles/squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-head-and-neck">squamous cell carcinoma</a> (80%)</li>- +<a href="/articles/squamous-cell-carcinoma-head-and-neck">squamous cell carcinoma</a> (80%)</li>
-</ul><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>The exact cause of maxillary antral carcinomas but exposure to wood dust along with EBV and HPV infection have been implicated in its pathogenesis <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>It appears as irregular radiopacity within the sinus, perforating the sinus wall.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>It includes a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Prognosis is extremely poor with a 5-year survival of ~10% <sup>1</sup>. </p>- +</ul><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>The exact cause of maxillary antral carcinomas but exposure to wood dust along with EBV and HPV infection have been implicated in its pathogenesis <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>It appears as irregular radiopacity within the sinus, perforating the sinus wall.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>It includes a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Prognosis is extremely poor with a 5-year survival of ~10% <sup>1</sup>. </p>
Image 4 CT (C+ arterial phase) ( create )
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