Maxillary antral carcinoma
Updates to Article Attributes
Antral carcinomaMaxillary antral carcinomas is are an uncommon head and neck malignancy of the maxillary sinus. It usually presents lateThey usually present late despite growing large since it remains confined within the maxillary sinus and produces no symptoms.
Epidemiology
Most commonly affects patients aged over 45 years and has a strong male predilection (M:F = 5:1). Maxillary antral carcinomas are more in common in Africa and Asia than in Europe and North America 2.
Clinical presentation
When symptoms occur, they include, unilateral stiffness and obstruction, blood tinged nasal discharge, proptosis, diplopia, pain resembling toothache and enlargement and ulceration of the palate.
Pathology
The underlying histology of maxillary antral carcinomas are variable 2:
- squamous cell carcinoma (80%)
- adenoid cystic carcinoma (10%)
- adenocarcinoma
- verrucous carcinoma
- malignant melanoma
- sarcoma
- lymphoma
- metastases
Aetiology
The exact cause of maxillary antral carcinomas but exposure to wood dust along with EBV and HPV infection have been implicated in its pathogenesis 2.
Radiographic features
It appears as irregular radio-opacityradiopacity within the sinus, perforating the sinus wall.
Treatment and prognosis
It includes a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Prognosis is extremely poor with a 5-year survival of ~10% 1.
-<p><strong>Antral carcinoma</strong> is malignancy of the <a href="/articles/maxillary-sinus">maxillary sinus</a>. It usually presents late despite growing large since it remains confined within the sinus and produces no symptoms.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>When symptoms occur, they include, unilateral stiffness and obstruction, blood tinged nasal discharge, proptosis, diplopia, pain resembling toothache and enlargement and ulceration of the palate.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>It appears as irregular radio-opacity within the sinus, perforating the sinus wall. </p><h4>Treatment </h4><p>It includes a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Prognosis is extremely poor.</p>- +<p><strong>Maxillary antral carcinomas</strong> are an uncommon <a href="/articles/head-and-neck-malignancy">head and neck malignancy</a>. They usually present late despite growing large since it remains confined within the <a href="/articles/maxillary-sinus">maxillary sinus</a> and produces no symptoms.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Most commonly affects patients aged over 45 years and has a strong male predilection (M:F = 5:1). Maxillary antral carcinomas are more in common in Africa and Asia than in Europe and North America <sup>2</sup>. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>When symptoms occur, they include, unilateral stiffness and obstruction, blood tinged nasal discharge, proptosis, diplopia, pain resembling toothache and enlargement and ulceration of the palate.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The underlying histology of maxillary antral carcinomas are variable <sup>2</sup>:</p><ul>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-head-and-neck">squamous cell carcinoma</a> (80%)</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/adenoid-cystic-carcinoma">adenoid cystic carcinoma</a> (10%)</li>
- +<li>adenocarcinoma</li>
- +<li>verrucous carcinoma</li>
- +<li><a title="Malignant melanoma" href="/articles/malignant-melanoma">malignant melanoma</a></li>
- +<li>sarcoma</li>
- +<li><a title="lymphoma" href="/articles/lymphoma">lymphoma</a></li>
- +<li>metastases</li>
- +</ul><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>The exact cause of maxillary antral carcinomas but exposure to wood dust along with EBV and HPV infection have been implicated in its pathogenesis <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>It appears as irregular radiopacity within the sinus, perforating the sinus wall.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>It includes a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Prognosis is extremely poor with a 5-year survival of ~10% <sup>1</sup>. </p>
References changed:
- 2. Warnakulasuriya S, Tilakaratna W. Oral Medicine and Pathology: A Guide to Diagnosis and Management. Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub. ISBN:935025221X. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN935025221X">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/935025221X">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>
- 1. Rajendran A, Sundaram S. Shafer's Textbook of Oral Pathology. Elsevier India. ISBN:B00JXW0R9A. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBNB00JXW0R9A">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00JXW0R9A">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>
Image 3 CT (C+ portal venous phase) ( create )
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.