Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours include:
- caucasians at higher risk than African Americans (9:1)
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undescended testis
- 10
-40 x-40x increased risk - around 10% of all tumours are associated with undescended testis
- higher risk if intra-abdominal testis compared with intra-inguinal
- orchidopexy prior to puberty can reduce the tumour risk
- increased risk in the contralateral normally descended testis
- 10
- previous tumour in contralateral testis
- family history of testicular germ cell tumour
-
4 x4x increase if father affected -
9 x9x if brother affected
-
-
testicular microlithiasis
-
~8 x~8x increased risk of GCT in symptomatic testicle with microlithiasis 1 - no increased risk found in asymptomatic testicles therefore screening is unlikely to be useful
- overall, microlithiasis is present in around 50% of GCT cases, but it is also very common in patients without cancer
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- testicular dysgenesis
- testicular feminization
- Klinefelter syndrome
- other risk factors may include
- infections such as HIV,
mumps,orchitis - history of trauma
- organ transplant immunosuppression
- infections such as HIV,
See also
-<li>10-40 x increased risk </li>- +<li>10-40x increased risk </li>
-<li>4 x increase if father affected</li>-<li>9 x if brother affected</li>- +<li>4x increase if father affected</li>
- +<li>9x if brother affected</li>
-<li>~8 x increased risk of GCT in symptomatic testicle with microlithiasis <sup>1</sup>- +<li>~8x increased risk of GCT in symptomatic testicle with microlithiasis <sup>1</sup>
-<li>infections such as HIV, mumps, <a href="/articles/orchitis">orchitis</a> </li>- +<li>infections such as HIV, <a href="/articles/orchitis">orchitis</a> </li>
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