Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,887 results found
Article
Cor triatriatum dexter
Cor triatriatum dexter is a rare congenital anomaly wherein the right atrium of the heart is divided into the two pseudochambers by a membranous fold1.
Epidemiology
It accounts for only 0.1% of all the congenital heart diseases. The left atrial variant of this anomaly , termed as cor triatria...
Article
Bifurcate ligament
The bifurcate ligament, also known as the Chopart ligament 5,8, is a key stabilizer of the subtalar and midtarsal joints 5,7. It originates from the anterior process of the calcaneus before dividing into two bands that insert into the navicular and cuboid 5-7.
Gross anatomy
The bifurcate ligam...
Article
Methotrexate-related leukoencephalopathy
Methotrexate-related leukoencephalopathy, resulting from the administration of methotrexate, is an uncommon yet important type of toxic encephalopathy. Methotrexate is administered via oral, intravenous, or intrathecal routes for many clinical indications, but its use as a chemotherapy agent for...
Article
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are forms of peripheral nerve sheath tumors occurring either de novo or arising from pre-existing tumors (e.g. neurofibromas, schwannomas etc.). Approximately half of such tumors are seen in individuals with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), in suc...
Article
Gardner syndrome
Gardner syndrome is one of the polyposis syndromes. It is characterized by:
familial adenopolyposis
multiple osteomas: especially of the mandible, skull, and long bones
epidermal cysts
fibromatoses
desmoid tumors of mesentery and anterior abdominal wall
Other abnormalities include:
supern...
Article
Little league shoulder
Little league shoulder is thought to occur due to overuse damage of the proximal humeral epiphysis/metaphysis, seen typically in young baseball players, especially pitchers.
Epidemiology
Although it is most commonly seen in baseball players particularly in pitchers, it also presents in adolesc...
Article
Osteolipoma
Osteolipomas, also known as ossified lipomas, are rare intracranial masses, typically located in the suprasellar cistern, composed of mature adipocytes surrounded by calcified ossification 1. They are a variant of intracranial lipomas which rarely have calcification/ossification elsewhere, with ...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (P)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter P and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Hydatid disease
Hydatid cysts result from infection by the Echinococcus tapeworm species and can result in cyst formation anywhere in the body.
Epidemiology
Cystic echinococcosis has a worldwide geographical distribution. The Mediterranean basin is an important endemic area 6,7.
Pathology
Two main species o...
Article
Calcific axillary lymphadenopathy (differential)
Calcific axillary lymphadenopathy is in general, more concerning than axillary lymphadenopathy alone and is particularly so if it contains microcalcifications. While this is concerning for malignancy, it can also occur from occasional nonmalignant causes.
Pathology
Etiology
metastatic axillar...
Article
Water lily sign (hydatid cyst)
The water lily sign, also known as the camalote sign, is seen in hydatid infections when the inner endocyst detaches from the outer pericyst, resulting in a free-floating membrane within the cyst.
It is classically described on plain radiographs (mainly chest X-ray) when the collapsed membranes...
Article
Polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young
Polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) is an epileptogenic tumor of children and young adults. They are often considered part of the heterogeneous group of tumors known as long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs).
Terminology
First described in 2016 1, polymorpho...
Article
Shoulder protocol (MRI)
The MRI shoulder protocol encompasses a set of different MRI sequences for the routine assessment of the shoulder joint.
Note: This article aims to frame a general concept of an MRI protocol for the assessment of the shoulder joint. Protocol specifics will vary depending on MRI scanner type, sp...
Article
Hepatolithiasis
Hepatolithiasis is the presence of bile duct stones within the intrahepatic bile ducts, specifically proximal to the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts.
Epidemiology
Hepatolithiasis is common in Asia and the Pacific, with a prevalence of ~40%. It is rare in the West with a prevale...
Article
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), also sometimes referred to as "adult polycystic kidney disease", is an inherited form of adult cystic renal disease.
Epidemiology
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is one of the most common serious hereditary diseases, found in ...
Article
Bile duct stricture
Bile duct strictures are problematic in terms of management and distinction between benign and malignant.
Pathology
Etiology
There are numerous causes of biliary duct strictures, including 1,2:
malignant
cholangiocarcinoma
involvement by pancreatic head adenocarcinoma
involvement by ampul...
Article
Posteromedial ankle impingement
Posteromedial ankle impingement is one of the impingement syndromes of the ankle. It usually follows an injury of the deltoid ligament 1-4.
Epidemiology
It is one of the less common ankle impingement syndromes 2. It is associated with a previous ankle sprain and deltoid ligament injury 1-3.
C...
Article
Garden classification of subcapital femoral neck fractures
The Garden classification of subcapital femoral neck fractures describes femoral neck fracture displacement and aims to assist in clinical decision-making to reduce the rates of non-union and osteonecrosis 1,2,4.
Usage
The Garden classification is the most commonly used system (c.2018) despit...
Article
Acoustic shadowing
Acoustic shadowing (sometimes referred to as posterior acoustic shadowing) is a form of ultrasound artifact. It is characterized by the apparent lack of signal deep to an imaged tissue interface, due to all (or nearly all) of the transmitted sound wave being being reflected back to the transduce...
Article
Asthma
Asthma is a relatively common condition that is characterized by at least partially reversible inflammation of the airways and reversible airway obstruction due to airway hyperreactivity. It can be acute, subacute or chronic.
Epidemiology
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in th...
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