Articles

Cases

Courses

Articles

Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.

Create new article

16,918 results

Twining's line (posterior cranial fossa)

Twining's line is a midline measurement used in the volumetric assessment of the posterior cranial fossa and of particular relevance in Chiari I malformations 1. The angle between the line and the tentorium is also used for similiar purposes 1. It has also been used to describe mass effect in th...

Standard article structure

Standard article structure is important on Radiopaedia.org so that we have a consistent article structure and maintain uniformity across the whole site. Standard sections A typical article should have an article title and then is broken down into a set of standard sections, although, not every...

Tympanic membrane

The tympanic membrane is a thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. It acts to transmit sound waves from air in the external auditory canal (EAC) to the ossicles of the middle ear. Gross anatomy The tympanic membrane is shaped like a flat cone pointing into the middle...

Os acromiale

Os acromiale is an anatomical variant and represents an unfused accessory center of ossification of the acromion of the scapula. Epidemiology Os acromiale is relatively common, seen in ~8% (range 1-15%) of the population 1,2 and can be bilateral in 60% of individuals 5. Clinical presentation ...

Renal milk of calcium cysts

Renal milk of calcium cysts refer to the appearance of a calcium precipitate found either within a calyceal diverticulum, that has lost communication with the collecting system, or within a simple renal cyst. Clinical presentation Renal milk of calcium cysts are typically asymptomatic. Radio...

Internal laryngeal nerve

The internal laryngeal nerve is one of the two branches of the superior laryngeal nerve and provides sensory innervation of the laryngeal mucosa down to the level of the vocal cords (supraglottic larynx). Summary origin: arises as the larger of the two branches of the superior laryngeal nerve...

Renal agenesis

Renal agenesis refers to a congenital absence of one or both kidneys. If bilateral (traditionally known as the classic Potter syndrome) the condition is fatal, whereas if unilateral, patients can have a normal life expectancy. Epidemiology Unilateral renal agenesis affects approximately 1 in ...

Subvesical bile ducts

Subvesical/subvesicular bile ducts are variants of the biliary tree, and knowledge of these is important because they account for a significant portion of post-cholecystectomy bile leaks. Terminology Cholecystohepatic ducts (usually segment 5 to the gallbladder) are commonly known as bile duc...

WHO classification of tumors of soft tissue

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of soft tissue tumors is the most widely used pathology-based classification system for such disorders. The revision, part of the 5th edition of the WHO classification of soft tissue and bone tumors (volume 3), was published in 2020 and is refle...

Bronchocentric granulomatosis

Bronchocentric granulomatosis is a rare chronic condition where airway granulomas form in response to different insults. It is included in the spectrum of eosinophilic lung disease. Epidemiology Bronchocentric granulomatosis can affect a wide age spectrum of patients but is thought to peak bet...

Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System

The Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) is a standardized method for reporting and communicating coronary CT angiography findings and serves as a clinical decision support tool to guide subsequent patient management. History and etymology The system was created by a ...

Stellate ganglion block

The stellate ganglion block describes blockade of the cervicothoracic sympathetic chain which provides post-ganglionic sympathetic efferents to the head, neck and upper extremities. Neural blockade is typically achieved by deposition of local anesthetic between the prevertebral fascia and longus...

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Pilocytic astrocytomas, also known as juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas, are circumscribed astrocytic gliomas that typically occur in young patients. The majority of sporadic pilocytic astrocytomas arise from the cerebellum, whereas in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), they often invo...

Methotrexate induced pneumonitis

Methotrexate induced pneumonitis is characterized by interstitial inflammation of the lung parenchyma which can be life-threatening. Methotrexate induced pneumonitis falls under a subtype under the broader category of methotrexate induced lung disease. Diagnosis of methotrexate-induced pneumoni...

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcomas are malignant bone-forming tumors. They are the second most common primary bone tumor after multiple myeloma, accounting for ~20% of all primary bone tumors. In children, they are considered the most common primary bone tumor 12. They can be classified into primary and secondary fo...

Diffuse glioma

Diffuse glioma is a term used to encompass a variety of poorly marginated infiltrating tumors of the central nervous system, which histologically appear similar to glial cells, specifically astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. These range in biological behavior from very indolent to extremely aggres...

Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered

Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered is a specific entity that represents the majority of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, although identical tumors are also found elsewhere in the midline (e.g. brainstem, spinal cord and thalamus) 1. They are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis and are ...

Giant cell fibroblastoma

Giant cell fibroblastomas are locally aggressive mesenchymal neoplasms closely related to dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Epidemiology Giant cell fibroblastomas are rare. They are usually but not exclusively found in children within the first decade of life, adult cases are rare. Boys are mor...

Astrocytic tumors

Astrocytic tumors are primary central nervous system tumors that either arises from astrocytes or appear similar to astrocytes on histology having arisen from precursor cells. They are the most common tumors arising from glial cells and can be broadly divided into three groups: diffuse, adult-...

Synthetic MRI

Synthetic MRI is a technique that generates contrast weighted images based on measurements of tissue properties from a single acquisition. Basic principles With synthetic MRI, different contrast weighted images can be obtained based on quantifications of a single multiple dynamic and multiple ...

Filtered (1)Done (clear)

+Systems

+Article Sections

×Sort By

ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads

Updating… Please wait.

Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.

Thank you for updating your details.