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Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.

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Esophageal stent

Esophageal stents are a treatment option in patients with esophageal strictures. It is most commonly used for symptomatic relief in those with dysphagia secondary to malignancy. The stent is typically covered in nature and inserted endoscopically or fluoroscopically. The distal esophagus is the ...

Bicaudate index

The bicaudate index is the ratio of width of two lateral ventricles at the level of the head of the caudate nucleus to distance between outer tables of skull at the same level. It can be a useful marker of ventricular volume and in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. See also Evans' index cella ...

Cella media index

The cella media index (also known as Schiersmann's index) is one of the methods used to assess ventricle size with respect to brain tissue and cerebral atrophy. It is the ratio of biparietal diameter of skull to maximum external diameter of bodies of the lateral ventricles (cella media) 1. A no...

Dandy-Walker continuum

Dandy-Walker continuum, also referred to as Dandy-Walker spectrum or Dandy-Walker complex, corresponds to a group of disorders believed to represent a continuum spectrum of posterior fossa malformations, characterized by inferior vermian hypoplasia and incomplete formation of the fourth ventricl...

Cerebellar hypoplasia

Cerebellar hypoplasia is a type of congenital morphological cerebellar abnormality in which the cerebellum has reduced volume, but a normal shape, and is stable over time 1,4. The pattern of volume loss may be regional (affecting only part of the cerebellum) or global. Terminology Global cere...

Medical abbreviations and acronyms (C)

This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter C and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order). A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), particularly affects preterm infants causing significant morbidity and mortality. Terminology Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLDP) have often been used interchangeably to describe the condition post-treatment of premature i...

Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relatively common acquired chronic demyelinating disease involving the central nervous system, and is the second most common cause of neurological impairment in young adults, after trauma 19. Characteristically, and by definition, multiple sclerosis is disseminated i...

Behçet disease (CNS manifestations)

CNS manifestations of Behçet disease, also known as neuro-Behçet disease, corresponds to the neurological involvement of the systemic vasculitis Behçet disease and has a variety of manifestations. For a discussion of the disease, in general, please refer to Behçet disease article. Epidemiology...

Inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy is an uncommon cerebral amyloid deposition disease, closely related to the far more common non-inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and can present as areas of vasogenic edema. Terminology The term "inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy" can be ...

Medical abbreviations and acronyms (P)

This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter P and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order). A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...

Submandibular gland

The submandibular glands (historically also known as the submaxillary glands) are one of the three paired major salivary glands, located inferior and posterior to the body of the mandible, in the submandibular (digastric) triangle. They secrete mixed serous and mucous saliva into the oral cavity...

Medical abbreviations and acronyms (M)

This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter M and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order). A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...

Brain arteriovenous malformation

Brain arteriovenous malformations are a type of intracranial high-flow vascular malformation composed of enlarged feeding arteries, a nidus of vessels closely associated with the brain parenchyma through which arteriovenous shunting occurs and draining veins. Terminology This article correspon...

Glycogen storage disease type I

Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD-I), also known as von Gierke disease, is a type of glycogen storage disease where there is excess deposition of glycogen primarily in the liver, but also in the kidney and small bowel. Epidemiology It occurs approximately one in every 100,000 live births 2,...

Glycogen storage disease

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) refers to a number of syndromes which are characterized by a defect in synthesis, metabolism or storage of glycogen. Pathology There are many types of GSD: type I: von Gierke disease type II: Pompe disease type III: Cori or Forbes disease type IV: Andersen di...

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease which usually presents in early infancy as a systemic and central nervous system inflammatory syndrome characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, vasculopathy and encephalopathy. Many of the features are similar to congenital TO...

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS), also known as folliculin gene-associated syndrome, is a multi-system disease characterized by: cutaneous manifestations, typically fibrofolliculomas multiple lung cysts and spontaneous pneumothoraces increased risk of renal tumors in some families, typically ch...

Acetabular labral tear

Acetabular labral tear, as the name implies, is a tear involving the acetabular labrum of the hip. It is defined as a defect in the labral surface, intralabral surface or chondrolabral junction 10. With the increasing use of hip arthroscopy in orthopedic surgery since the 1970s, pathologies of ...

Pneumatized dorsum sella

Pneumatization of the dorsum sella is not uncommon, but needs to be remembered as an unusual site of sinus disease, which otherwise may be mistaken for intracranial of pituitary disease.

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