Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,918 results
Article
Gastric volvulus
Gastric volvulus is a specific type of volvulus that occurs when the stomach twists on its mesentery. It should be at least 180° and cause bowel obstruction to be called gastric volvulus. Merely gastric rotation on its root is not considered gastric volvulus.
Epidemiology
Organo-axial volvulus...
Article
Cascade stomach
A cascade stomach, also called a cup and spill configuration, is an anatomic variant of the stomach involving an angulation separating the fundus and body of the stomach without twisting around the gastric mesenteries. It is named for its appearance on contrast swallow, where contrast may fill t...
Article
Air-tissue interface sign - breast
Air-tissue interface sign on mammography in cases where the mass is located on the skin helps to distinguish it from intra-mammary mass so that in the skin-based lesion, due to the presence of air in the vicinity of a part of the margin, its border is pretty sharp and a narrow lucent rim around ...
Article
Cingulate gyrus
The cingulate gyrus lies on the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. It forms a major part of the limbic system which has functions in emotion and behavior. The frontal portion is termed the anterior cingulate gyrus (or cortex) 1,2.
Gross anatomy
Location
The cingulate gyrus extends fro...
Article
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is a broad descriptive term and is usually defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular compartments of the lung 1.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation of pulmonary edema includes:
acute breathlessness
orthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (C)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter C and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Celiac disease
Celiac disease, also known as non-tropical sprue, is the most common gluten-related disorder and is a T-cell mediated autoimmune chronic gluten intolerance condition characterized by a loss of villi in the proximal small bowel and gastrointestinal malabsorption (sprue).
It should always be cons...
Article
Myometrial arterial calcification
Myometrial arterial calcification are thought to increase with advancing age and may represent calcification of radial or arcuate arteries of the uterus.
They may have an increased association with atherosclerosis elsewhere.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
They may be seen as hyperechoic m...
Article
Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis (PAGCL)
Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis (PAGCL) is a rare complication of arthroscopic surgery in which there is rapid dissolution of articular cartilage with degenerative change of the glenohumeral articulation.
Epidemiology
PAGCL is more frequent in young people between 10 and 40 years, a...
Article
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease which usually presents in early infancy as a systemic and central nervous system inflammatory syndrome characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, vasculopathy and encephalopathy. Many of the features are similar to congenital TO...
Article
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis represents the end result of a continuous, prolonged, inflammatory, and fibrosing process that affects the pancreas. This results in irreversible morphologic changes and permanent endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Epidemiology
The most common cause of chronic ...
Article
Mass-forming chronic pancreatitis
Mass-forming chronic pancreatitis occurs in around 30% of cases of chronic pancreatitis, where a mass or a focal enlargement of the pancreas is usually seen on imaging. In many instances, it poses a challenge as the epidemiology and imaging appearances overlap those of pancreatic adenocarcinoma....
Article
Rockwood classification of acromioclavicular joint injury
The Rockwood classification (1998) is the most commonly used (c.2024) classification system in use for acromioclavicular joint injuries 3,8,9.
Usage
This well-known 6-type system is a modification of the earlier 3-class classification system described by Allman (1967) 2 and Tossy (1963). The ...
Article
Subcutaneous emphysema
Subcutaneous emphysema (also known commonly, although less correctly, as surgical emphysema), strictly speaking, refers to gas in the subcutaneous tissues. But the term is generally used to describe any soft tissue emphysema of the body wall or limbs since the gas often dissects into the deeper ...
Article
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis (plural: bronchiectases) is defined as an irreversible abnormal dilatation of the bronchial tree. It has a variety of underlying causes, with a common etiology of chronic inflammation. High-resolution CT is the most accurate modality for diagnosis.
Epidemiology
As there are many...
Article
Tram-track sign (chest)
Tram-track sign may be used in chest radiography or CT to denote the thickened non-tapering (parallel) walls of cylindrical bronchiectasis.
It should not be confused with other tram-track signs elsewhere in the body.
Article
Ectopic posterior pituitary
An ectopic posterior pituitary reflects a disruption of normal embryogenesis of the posterior pituitary and is one of the more common causes of pituitary dwarfism. Although it can be an isolated abnormality, numerous other congenital central nervous system malformations have been identified. Whe...
Article
Hamada classification of massive rotator cuff tears
The Hamada classification divides the x-ray features of massive rotator cuff tears into five grades. Subsequently, Walch subdivided grade 4 into two subtypes 1,2.
Classification
Hamada classification with Walch modification of rotator cuff tear arthropathy 1,3:
grade 1: acromiohumeral interva...
Article
Lemierre syndrome
Lemierre syndrome, also known as postanginal septicemia, refers to thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein(s) with distant metastatic anaerobic septicemia in the setting of initial bacterial oropharyngeal infection such as pharyngitis/tonsillitis into lateral pharyngeal spaces of the neck ...
Article
Vitamin B6 excess
Vitamin B6 excess (hypervitaminosis B6) is caused by excessive consumption of supplemental pyridoxine, which is used as a therapeutic agent for several conditions.
Epidemiology
This hypervitaminosis is typically seen in those taking pyridoxine as prescription medication; it remains in use for...
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