Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,937 results
Article
Ovary
The ovaries (TA: ovarium 9) are paired female gonads of the reproductive and endocrine systems. They lie within the ovarian fossa on the posterior wall of the true pelvis and form part of the adnexa.
Gross anatomy
The ovaries are firm and ovoid in shape and measure approximately 1.5-3.0 cm × ...
Article
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is an illness caused by an immunological reaction following group A streptococcal infection.
Epidemiology
Risk factors include:
children and adolescents aged 5 to 15 years
developing nations where antibiotic prescription is low 1
poverty, overcrowding
Clinical presentation...
Article
Sydenham chorea
Sydenham chorea, also referred to as chorea minor or historically as St. Vitus dance, is a manifestation of rheumatic fever.
Clinical presentation
hyperkinetic movement disorder
neuropsychiatric manifestations with or without the presence of carditis or arthritis
cognitive and behavioral sym...
Article
Ovarian teratoma
Ovarian teratomas are the most common group of ovarian germ cell tumors.
They can be divided into 3 main sub types
mature ovarian teratoma
immature ovarian teratoma
specialized teratoma
struma ovarii tumor
See also
ovarian tumors
Article
Dural arteriovenous fistula
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) are a heterogeneous collection of conditions that share arteriovenous shunts from dural vessels. They present variably with hemorrhage or venous hypertension and can be challenging to treat.
Epidemiology
Most dural arteriovenous fistulas present in adulthood...
Article
Regenerative liver nodule
Regenerative liver nodules are a form of non-neoplastic nodules that arise in a cirrhotic liver.
Terminology
This may be slightly different from the term nodular regenerative hyperplasia, which are described histopathologically as regenerative nodules with little or no hepatic fibrosis and lar...
Article
Air trapping
Air trapping is the retention of excess gas in lung distal to one or more obstructed airways. Subnormal reduction in volume and subnormal increase in attenuation on end-expiratory CT are diagnostic findings and the affected areas are typically sharply demarcated. Reactive vasoconstriction is oft...
Article
Spinal hemangioblastoma
Spinal hemangioblastomas are the third most common intramedullary spinal neoplasm, representing 2-6% of all intramedullary tumors 1,4,7.
This article specifically relates to spinal hemangioblastomas. For a discussion on intracranial hemangioblastomas and a general discussion of the pathology re...
Article
Theodore Keats
Theodore Keats (1924-2010) was an eminent American radiologist whose unwavering dedication to education and authorship left an indelible mark on radiology. He is best remembered as the author of the Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease.
Early life
Theodore Eliot Keats wa...
Article
Cerebral cavernous venous malformation
Cerebral cavernous venous malformations, also commonly known as cavernous hemangiomas or cavernomas, are common cerebral vascular malformations, usually with characteristic appearances on MRI. It is the third most common cerebral vascular malformation after developmental venous anomaly and capil...
Article
Susceptibility weighted imaging
Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is an MRI sequence that is particularly sensitive to compounds which distort the local magnetic field and as such make it useful in detecting blood products, calcium, etc.
Physics
SWI is a 3D high-spatial-resolution fully velocity corrected gradient-echo M...
Article
Cerebral hemorrhagic contusion
Cerebral hemorrhagic contusions are a type of intracerebral hemorrhage, also sometimes considered a "brain bruise", and are common in the setting of significant head injury. They are usually seen on CT as hyperattenuating foci in the frontal lobes adjacent to the floor of the anterior cranial fo...
Article
Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are common and come with a large cost to both society and the individual. Although the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury is a clinical decision, imaging (particularly CT) plays a key role in diagnostic work-up, classification, prognostication and follow-up.
The...
Article
Transposition of the great arteries
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA), also known as transposition of the great vessels (TGV), is the most common cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly presenting during the newborn period, with cyanosis in the first 24 hours of life.
It occurs as a result of ventriculoarterial discordance, w...
Article
Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly refers to enlargement of the spleen. The upper limit of the normal adult splenic length is traditionally cited at 12 cm, but lengths upwards of 14 cm can be seen in normal, taller males 7.
Terminology
Massive splenomegaly is variably defined, including when the spleen is 5 standar...
Article
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is one of many pediatric cystic renal diseases.
On imaging, it usually presents on ultrasound with enlarged echogenic kidneys with multiple small cysts. Liver involvement with coarse echotexture, biliary tract cystic changes, and portal hype...
Article
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal failure, describes abnormal kidney structure or function, typically represented by a progressive loss of glomerular function. It is present when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for three consecutive mon...
Article
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is the deficiency or resistance to the hormone vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), which results in polyuria and polydipsia.
Epidemiology
Diabetes insipidus occurs in 3 per 100,000 people 2.
Pathology
Diabetes insipidus may be described as 1-3:
central/neurogenic/hypoth...
Article
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), often referred to simply as diabetes, is a group of metabolic conditions characterized by hyperglycemia.
These conditions should not be confused with diabetes insipidus which is clinically distinct and not related to hyperglycemia.
Terminology
If a patient with diabet...
Article
Diffuse axonal injury
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), also known as traumatic axonal injury (TAI), is a severe form of traumatic brain injury due to shearing forces. It is a potentially difficult diagnosis to make on imaging alone, especially on CT as the finding can be subtle, but it has the potential to result in seve...
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