Articles
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16,910 results found
Article
Hyperextension cervical injuries
Hyperextension cervical injuries are not uncommon and extremely serious:
anterior longitudinal ligament injury
avulsion fractures of the anterior arch of the atlas (C1)
vertical fracture through the posterior arch of the atlas as a result of compression
fractures of the dens of C2
hangman f...
Article
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is a destructive arthropathy caused by an intra-articular infection which usually manifests as severe symptoms such as pain and decreased range of motion. This condition requires prompt treatment aiming to avoid permanent damage to the joint, which may result in chronic deformit...
Article
Kaposi sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a low-to-intermediate grade mesenchymal tumor that involves the lymphovascular system. The tumor can involve the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous and musculoskeletal systems. Although it is often thought of as an AIDS-related condition, it may also be seen in other p...
Article
Transverse sinus stenosis
Transverse sinus stenosis, or lateral sinus stenosis, describes reduction in the caliber of the transverse sinus. Although potentially seen in a number of contexts, including within the asymptomatic general population incidentally, transverse sinus stenosis is an important finding in patients wi...
Article
Choroidal hemangioma
Choroidal hemangiomas are benign vascular hamartomatous tumors of the choroid.
They present in two forms based on the extent of choroidal involvement:
circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH): solitary tumor with no systemic associations
diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH): usually in associat...
Article
Keratosis obturans
Keratosis obturans is a rare external auditory canal (EAC) disease characterized by abnormal accumulation and consequently occlusion and expansion of the bony portion of the EAC by a plug of desquamated keratin. It can be confused for EAC cholesteatoma but they are completely different entities ...
Article
Necrotizing otitis externa
Necrotizing otitis externa (NOE), also known as malignant otitis externa, is a severe invasive infection of the external auditory canal (EAC) which can spread rapidly to involve the surrounding soft tissue, adjacent neck spaces and skull base.
Pathology
Predisposing conditions for necrotizing...
Article
Laimer diverticulum
Laimer diverticula occur in the cervical esophagus in the posterior midline inferior to the cricopharyngeal muscle 1,2. They are difficult to differentiate from Zenker diverticulum on imaging and endoscopy can be helpful in determining the exact location of the diverticulum 1-3.
Epidemiology
T...
Article
Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is painful, limited hip motion due to specific morphological abnormalities in the femoral head-neck region and/or acetabulum. Femoroacetabular impingement can lead to early degenerative disease.
Epidemiology
Femoroacetabular impingement is common in ...
Article
Enucleation
Enucleation of the eye describes the surgical removal of the entire globe with the separation of all connections to the orbit, including optic nerve transection. Alternatives such as evisceration or exenteration can be considered according to the underlying diagnosis and disease.
Rarely, auto-e...
Article
Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia is a congenital genetic disorder resulting in rhizomelic dwarfism and is the most common skeletal dysplasia. It has numerous distinctive radiographic features.
Epidemiology
It occurs due to sporadic mutations in the majority of cases but can be inherited as an autosomal dominan...
Article
Hysterosalpingogram
A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a fluoroscopic examination of the uterus and the fallopian tubes, most commonly used in the investigation of infertility or recurrent spontaneous abortions.
Indications
infertility: to assess uterine morphology and tubal patency
Contraindications
pregnancy
act...
Article
Uterine leiomyoma
Uterine leiomyomas, also known as uterine fibroids, are benign tumors of myometrial origin and are the most common solid benign uterine neoplasms. Commonly an incidental finding on imaging, they rarely cause a diagnostic dilemma.
Epidemiology
They are clinically apparent in ~25% of women of re...
Article
Choroidal detachment
Choroidal detachment is a detachment of the choroid from the underlying sclera due to the accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space, generally due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), as observed in some settings:
choroidal effusion
transudative: trauma
exudative: fluid accumulati...
Article
Carotid body
The carotid body is located within the neck, and in close proximity to the carotid bifurcation. It is composed of a number of chemoreceptor cells and supporting matrix and detects changes in the composition of blood in the common carotid as it forms the internal and external carotid arteries.
I...
Article
Endometrial polyp
Endometrial polyps are benign nodular protrusions of the endometrial surface, and one of the entities included in a differential of endometrial thickening. Endometrial polyps can either be sessile or pedunculated. They can often be suggested on ultrasound or MRI studies but may require sonohyste...
Article
Achondroplasia (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the common features of achondroplasia is:
ACHONDROPLaSIA F
Mnemonic
A: autosomal dominant inheritance, alteration (mutation) of FGFR3
C: champagne glass pelvis, chevron sign
H: hand abnormalities (trident hand, brachydactyly)
O: out knees, bOwing of legs (genu varum)...
Article
Primary uveal malignant melanoma
Malignant uveal melanomas, also referred to as choroidal melanomas, are the most common primary tumor of the adult eye 3.
Epidemiology
Malignant melanoma of the uvea is the most common primary intraocular malignancy and is predominantly seen in the White population 5. The incidence of these t...
Article
T2/FLAIR mismatch sign
The T2/FLAIR mismatch sign describes an MRI appearance whereby a solid tumor with very high T2 signal demonstrate prominent albeit incomplete attenuation of this signal on FLAIR.
In adults, it is considered a highly specific radiogenomic signature for astrocytomas IDH-mutant, as opposed to oth...
Article
Gallbladder empyema
Gallbladder empyema (suppurative cholecystitis 1) is an uncommon complication of cholecystitis and refers to a situation where the gallbladder lumen is filled and distended by purulent material (pus).
Epidemiology
There is an increased incidence in those with diabetes mellitus 2 and/or advance...
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