Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,876 results found
Article
Echo planar imaging
Echo planar imaging (EPI) is an MRI acquisition methodology with an excellent temporal resolution that is required in specific clinical settings e.g. cardiac imaging.
There are single-shot and multi-shot echo-planar sequences.
Clinical applications
Echo planar imaging is used under the follo...
Article
Ultrasound (introduction)
Ultrasound (US) is an imaging technology that uses high-frequency sound waves to characterize tissue. It is a useful and flexible modality in medical imaging and often provides an additional or unique characterization of tissues when compared to other modalities such as conventional radiography ...
Article
Dark-field computed tomography
Dark-field computed tomography is an emerging medical imaging technology. While conventional CT measures differential attenuation properties of the various tissues, dark-field CT utilizes its small-angle scattering (dark field) characteristics.
Clinical applications
To date, dark-field radiogr...
Article
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, frequently referred to as pancreatic cancer, makes up the vast majority (~90%) of all pancreatic neoplasms and remains a disease with a very poor prognosis and high morbidity.
Epidemiology
Pancreatic cancer accounts for 22% of all deaths due to gastrointestina...
Article
CT guided percutaneous drainage
CT guided percutaneous drainage is one form of image-guided drainage, allowing minimally invasive treatment of collections, potentially anywhere in the body. Although less commonly used than ultrasound guidance, it is particularly valuable in gaining access to deeper or more posterior parts of t...
Article
Left hemicolectomy
Left hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure in which splenic flexure, descending colon, and a portion of the sigmoid colon are removed for radical treatment of various pathologies affecting the descending colon.
Indications
colon cancer
inflammatory bowel disease
isolated left diverticular di...
Article
Right hemicolectomy
A right hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the cecum and ascending colon.
Indications
cancer of the appendix, cecum or ascending colon (most common) 1
inflammatory bowel disease, particularly Crohn's disease
complicated appendicitis
cecal volvulus
perforation of the right colo...
Article
Pancreatic trauma
The pancreas is uncommonly injured in blunt trauma. However, pancreatic trauma has a high morbidity and mortality rate.
Epidemiology
The pancreas is injured in ~7.5% (range 2-13%) of blunt trauma cases 1,3,7. Motor vehicle accidents account for the vast majority of cases. Penetrating trauma co...
Article
Palatine bone
The palatine bones are paired L-shaped bones joined at the midline. They form the hard palate with the maxillary bones. They also form part of the floor of the nasal cavity (the hard palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity).
Gross anatomy
The palatine bones are located at the b...
Article
Parietal bone
The parietal bone is a paired, irregular, quadrilateral skull bone that forms the sides and roof of the cranium.
Gross anatomy
The parietal bone has four borders, four angles, and external/internal surfaces.
The four borders are:
frontal
sagittal
occipital (half of lambdoid suture)
squam...
Article
Sphenoid bone
The sphenoid bone is a large, complex, unpaired bone forming the central parts of the anterior and central skull base.
Gross anatomy
Parts of the sphenoid bone include:
body
jugum sphenoideum
contains the sphenoid sinus
greater wing
lesser wing
pterygoid process and plates
Articulations...
Article
Temporal bone
The temporal bone is situated on the sides and the base of the cranium and lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. The temporal bone is one of the most important calvarial and skull base bones.
Gross anatomy
The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3:
squamous pa...
Article
Zygomatic bone
The zygomatic bone (also known as zygoma or malar bone) is an important facial bone that forms the prominence of the cheek. It is roughly quadrangular in shape.
Gross anatomy
Zygoma has three surfaces, five borders, and two processes.
Surfaces
anterolateral surface is convex, pierced at its ...
Article
Vomer
The vomer is one of the unpaired facial bones and forms the posteroinferior part of the bony nasal septum, lying in the midline between the two nasal cavities.
It is a thin flat bone that is trapezoidal in shape with two surfaces that are obliquely grooved by the sphenopalatine (nasopalatine) v...
Article
Occipital bone
The occipital bone, also known as C0, is a trapezoid skull bone that contributes to the posteroinferior part of the cranial vault. It is pierced by the foramen magnum, permitting communication from the cranial cavity to the vertebral canal.
Terminology
Occiput is a noun referring to the back o...
Article
Nasal bone
The nasal bones are small paired oblong upper central facial bones placed side by side between the frontal processes of the maxilla, jointly forming the nasal ridge.
Gross anatomy
The nasal bone has two surfaces:
external surface to which the procerus and nasalis muscles attach
internal, whi...
Article
Maxilla
The maxillae (or maxillary bones) are a pair of symmetrical bones joined at the midline, which form the middle third of the face. Each maxilla forms the floor of the nasal cavity and parts of its lateral wall and roof, the roof of the oral cavity, contains the maxillary sinus, and contributes mo...
Article
Inferior nasal concha
The inferior nasal conchae or turbinates are one of the pairs of conchae in the nose.
Gross anatomy
It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. The inferior nasal conchae are considered a pair of ...
Article
Frontal bone
The frontal bone is a skull bone that contributes to the cranial vault. It contributes to form part of the anterior cranial fossa.
Gross anatomy
The frontal bone has two portions:
vertical portion (squama): has external/internal surfaces
horizontal portion (orbital): has superior/inferior su...
Article
Mandible
The mandible is the single midline bone of the lower jaw. It consists of a curved, horizontal portion, the body, and two perpendicular portions, the rami, which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles (angle of the jaw). It articulates with both temporal bones at the mandibular fo...
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