Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,906 results found
Article
Structured reporting
Structured reporting, sometimes called synoptic reporting, is a method of clinical documentation that captures and displays specific data elements in a specific format.
Most radiology reports are free-text narratives, which are variably formatted and prone to omitting important data. In contra...
Article
Standardized reports
Standardized reports may be a helpful starting point for reporting examinations. However, with practice and confidence, breaking away from the standard report is possible and, in many cases, desirable. On the other hand, in some instances, standardized reports facilitate the creation of automate...
Article
Central retinal artery occlusion
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a cause of inner retinal infarction and profound, monocular vision loss, most commonly caused by embolic occlusion of the central retinal artery. It is often considered to be the ocular/retinal equivalent to cerebral ischemic stroke.
Clinical presentat...
Article
Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome
Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome, also known as acute spinal cord infarction, is uncommon, but usually presents with profound neurological signs and symptoms, and the prognosis is poor.
Epidemiology
Acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome represents only 5-8% of acute myelopathies 4,5 and <1% ...
Article
Sulcal artery syndrome
Sulcal artery syndrome is a rare cause of spinal cord infarction involving the territory of one of the sulcal arteries, which are penetrating branches of the anterior spinal artery, each vessel supplying either left or right side of the cord, but not both. The result is an incomplete Brown-Séqua...
Article
Ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke is an episode of neurological dysfunction due to focal infarction in the central nervous system attributed to arterial thrombosis, embolization, or critical hypoperfusion. While ischemic stroke is formally defined to include brain, spinal cord, and retinal infarcts 1, in common u...
Article
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Thoracic aortic aneurysms are a type of thoraco-abdominal aneurysms and are relatively uncommon compared to abdominal aortic aneurysms. There is a wide range of causes, and the ascending aorta is the segment most commonly affected. Both CT-angiography and MR-angiography are the modalities of cho...
Article
Usual interstitial pneumonia
Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is not a disease, it is a histopathologic and radiologic pattern of interstitial lung disease. This can be caused by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis or non-specific interstitial pneumonia. The diagnosis is typically decided ...
Article
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP), also known as lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by lymphocyte-predominant infiltration of the lungs. It is classified as a subtype of interstitial lung disease. It also falls under the umbrella of n...
Article
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) is an interstitial pneumonia closely related to and thought to represent the end stage of respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD). It is associated with heavy smoking.
Epidemiology
DIP is considered one of the rarest of idiopathic ...
Article
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) may be seen as part of widespread involvement in patients with disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis or more frequently as a distinct entity in young adult smokers. This article focuses on the latter.
Epidemiology
Pulmonary Langerhans cell h...
Article
Cleft epiphysis
Cleft epiphysis is a normal variant of an epiphysis. It can be either unilateral or bilateral. The most common site is the epiphysis of the first proximal phalanx of the foot.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
Plain radiographs will demonstrate a lucent defect in the epiphysis. The borde...
Article
Carpal coalition
Carpal coalition refers to the abnormal union of two or more carpal bones, and is usually congenital, due to failure of separation of the involved bones during development. The most commonly involved bones are the lunate and triquetrum, although many combinations of united bones have been report...
Article
Spatial compounding (ultrasound)
Spatial compounding is an advanced ultrasound technique that utilizes multiple angles of insonation to create a single averaged image 1.
Clinical applications
The advantages of spatial compounding are that angle-dependent artefacts are reduced, curved surfaces appear more continuous and backgr...
Article
Neurosarcoidosis
Central nervous system involvement by sarcoidosis, also termed neurosarcoidosis, is relatively common among patients with systemic sarcoidosis and has a bewildering variety of manifestations, often making diagnosis difficult.
For a general discussion of the underlying condition, please refer t...
Article
Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Osmotic demyelination syndrome refers to acute demyelination seen in the setting of osmotic changes, typically with the rapid correction of hyponatremia.
Terminology
Osmotic demyelination syndrome is the preferred term, replacing central pontine myelinolysis, recognizing that extrapontine stru...
Article
Pulmonary cyst
A pulmonary cyst is any well-circumscribed gas-containing structure within lung parenchyma with a thin, typically regular wall. Occasionally a cyst may contain fluid or solid material instead of gas 10.
Terminology
The term ‘cystic’ denotes lesions with central gas attenuation contained by a w...
Article
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, frequently referred to as pancreatic cancer, makes up the vast majority (~90%) of all pancreatic neoplasms and remains a disease with a very poor prognosis and high morbidity.
Epidemiology
Pancreatic cancer accounts for 22% of all deaths due to gastrointestina...
Article
Splenosis
Splenosis is one type of ectopic splenic tissue (the other being accessory spleen). It is an acquired condition and is defined as autoimplantation of one or more focal deposits of splenic tissue in various compartments of the body.
Pathology
Etiology
Abdominal splenosis is seen after abdomina...
Article
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener granulomatosis, is a multisystem necrotizing non-caseating granulomatous c-ANCA positive vasculitis affecting small to medium-sized arteries, capillaries, and veins, with a predilection for the respiratory system and kidneys.
T...
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