Articles
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16,876 results found
Article
Vesicoureteric junction
The vesicoureteric junction (VUJ), also known as the ureterovesical junction (UVJ) is the most distal portion of the ureter, at the point where it connects to the urinary bladder.
Terminology
Traditionally it is called the vesicoureteric junction, however some anatomists, radiologists and oth...
Article
Mandible
The mandible is the single midline bone of the lower jaw. It consists of a curved, horizontal portion, the body, and two perpendicular portions, the rami, which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles (angle of the jaw). It articulates with both temporal bones at the mandibular fo...
Article
Nasal bone
The nasal bones are small paired oblong upper central facial bones placed side by side between the frontal processes of the maxilla, jointly forming the nasal ridge.
Gross anatomy
The nasal bone has two surfaces:
external surface to which the procerus and nasalis muscles attach
internal, whi...
Article
Occipital bone
The occipital bone, also known as C0, is a trapezoid skull bone that contributes to the posteroinferior part of the cranial vault. It is pierced by the foramen magnum, permitting communication from the cranial cavity to the vertebral canal.
Terminology
Occiput is a noun referring to the back o...
Article
Palatine bone
The palatine bones are paired L-shaped bones joined at the midline. They form the hard palate with the maxillary bones. They also form part of the floor of the nasal cavity (the hard palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity).
Gross anatomy
The palatine bones are located at the b...
Article
Parietal bone
The parietal bone is a paired, irregular, quadrilateral skull bone that forms the sides and roof of the cranium.
Gross anatomy
The parietal bone has four borders, four angles, and external/internal surfaces.
The four borders are:
frontal
sagittal
occipital (half of lambdoid suture)
squam...
Article
Sphenoid bone
The sphenoid bone is a large, complex, unpaired bone forming the central parts of the anterior and central skull base.
Gross anatomy
Parts of the sphenoid bone include:
body
jugum sphenoideum
contains the sphenoid sinus
greater wing
lesser wing
pterygoid process and plates
Articulations...
Article
Temporal bone
The temporal bone is situated on the sides and the base of the cranium and lateral to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. The temporal bone is one of the most important calvarial and skull base bones.
Gross anatomy
The temporal bone is divided into several main parts/portions 1-3:
squamous pa...
Article
Vomer
The vomer is one of the unpaired facial bones and forms the posteroinferior part of the bony nasal septum, lying in the midline between the two nasal cavities.
It is a thin flat bone that is trapezoidal in shape with two surfaces that are obliquely grooved by the sphenopalatine (nasopalatine) v...
Article
Zygomatic bone
The zygomatic bone (also known as zygoma or malar bone) is an important facial bone that forms the prominence of the cheek. It is roughly quadrangular in shape.
Gross anatomy
Zygoma has three surfaces, five borders, and two processes.
Surfaces
anterolateral surface is convex, pierced at its ...
Article
Pulsatile portal venous flow
A pulsatile portal venous flow pattern is an abnormal form of portal venous flow and can result from both physiological and pathological causes.
In well subjects, mild to marked pulsatility has been described. This is especially so in thin subjects, with a venous pulsatility index of >0.5, inve...
Article
Maxilla
The maxillae (or maxillary bones) are a pair of symmetrical bones joined at the midline, which form the middle third of the face. Each maxilla forms the floor of the nasal cavity and parts of its lateral wall and roof, the roof of the oral cavity, contains the maxillary sinus, and contributes mo...
Article
Lacrimal bone
The lacrimal bones are paired craniofacial bones forming the anterior aspect of the medial orbital walls.
Gross anatomy
The lacrimal bones have two surfaces and four borders. The lateral orbital surface is divided by a vertical posterior lacrimal crest with an anterior fossa for the lacrimal ...
Article
Inferior nasal concha
The inferior nasal conchae or turbinates are one of the pairs of conchae in the nose.
Gross anatomy
It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. The inferior nasal conchae are considered a pair of ...
Article
Frontal bone
The frontal bone is a skull bone that contributes to the cranial vault. It contributes to form part of the anterior cranial fossa.
Gross anatomy
The frontal bone has two portions:
vertical portion (squama): has external/internal surfaces
horizontal portion (orbital): has superior/inferior su...
Article
Augmented reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that uses computer-generated virtual content e.g. image rendering that is superimposed onto the user’s real environment 1. This is in contrast to virtual reality (VR) whereby the user is immersed into a completely virtual setting 1.
Clinical applications
...
Article
Zero echo time imaging
Zero echo time (ZTE) imaging is a development in MR technology, to better visualize tissues such as bone with the shortest T2 values.
Technique
Physical principles
In zero echo time imaging, the signal is acquired immediately after applying the radiofrequency pulse resulting in near-zero echo...
Article
Neuroblastoma (staging)
There are two methods of neuroblastoma staging; the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System (INRGSS, based on imaging of pre-treatment patients), and the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS, based on the outcomes of surgery).
International Neuroblastoma Risk Group St...
Article
Extended reality
Extended reality, sometimes referred to as XR, is a term for technologies, such as those that include augmented reality, virtual reality and mixed reality, that allow visualization of three-dimensional virtual imaging.
Terminology
Virtual reality refers to technologies which allow complete imm...
Article
Flying focus tomosynthesis
Flying focus is a technology of image acquisition in digital breast tomosynthesis characterized by a continuous sweep during shooting.
Sharpness in digital systems is determined by the modulation transfer function (MTF), which determines contrast transfer as a function of spatial frequency.
Si...
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