Articles
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16,924 results
Article
Double doughnut sign
The double doughnut sign is a radiological sign described in MRI of viral encephalitis, typically due to dengue encephalitis.
The double doughnut sign refers to a pattern of signal changes in the bilateral thalami that have a doughnut-like appearance 1-4. This sign is somewhat variably describe...
Article
Doughnut sign (disambiguation)
The doughnut sign can refer to various imaging appearances:
crescent in a doughnut sign (bowel)
double doughnut sign
doughnut sign (bone scan)
doughnut sign (bowel)
doughnut sign (chest)
doughnut sign (missed testicular torsion)
doughnut sign (orbit)
Article
Dengue encephalitis
Dengue encephalitis is a rare condition resulting from direct involvement of the central nervous system by the dengue virus, it is one of many viral encephalitides and flavivirus encephalitides.
Epidemiology
Dengue infection and dengue encephalitis, predominately occurs in tropical and subtr...
Article
Nose
The nose, sometimes referred to as the external nose, is a feature of the face and is composed of soft tissues that extend externally from the skull. It is continuous posteriorly with the nasal cavity. The anterior (piriform) aperture is bounded above by the nasal bones and elsewhere by the two ...
Article
Nasal cavity
The nasal cavity, also known as the nasal fossa, forms part of the upper respiratory tract.
Terminology
Somewhat confusingly, the nasal cavity may refer to either the space either side of the nasal septum or the two spaces combined. So for the same individual one can correctly refer to their s...
Article
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR), also known as partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC), is a rare congenital cardiovascular condition in which some of the pulmonary veins, but not all, drain into the right heart or systemic venous system, rather than in the left a...
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Lamina papyracea
The lamina papyracea, also known as the orbital lamina of the ethmoid bone, is the principal component of the medial wall of the orbit, and also the lateral surface of the ethmoid air cells.
Gross anatomy
It articulates:
superiorly with the orbital plate of the frontal bone
inferiorly with t...
Article
Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke
Hemorrhagic transformation is a complication of cerebral ischemic stroke and can significantly worsen prognosis.
Terminology
The term hemorrhagic transformation is somewhat variably used and collectively refers to two different processes, which have different incidence, appearance and prognost...
Article
Diabetic mastopathy
Diabetic mastopathy is a condition characterized by the presence of a benign tumor like breast masses in women with long-standing type 1 or type 2 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The condition has also been reported in men.
Clinical presentation
Diabetic mastopathy manifests clinically as...
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Popliteal artery
The popliteal artery is the direct continuation of the superficial femoral artery, at the point where it exits the adductor canal at the adductor hiatus, and passes into the popliteal fossa as the vessel courses posteriorly behind the knee.
Summary
origin: continuation of the superficial femor...
Article
Thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS)
The thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), also sometimes known as the thoracolumbar injury severity score (TISS), was developed by the Spine Trauma Group in 2005 to overcome some of the perceived difficulties regarding the use of other thoracolumbar spinal fracture clas...
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Bogorad syndrome
Bogorad syndrome also known as the syndrome of crocodile tears, is characterized by residual facial paralysis with profuse lacrimation during eating. This phenomenon is also known as paroxysmal lacrimation or the gustolacrimal reflex. It is caused by a misdirection of the regenerating autonomic ...
Article
Plexiform neurofibroma
Plexiform neurofibroma is an uncommon variant of neurofibroma, a benign tumor of peripheral nerves (WHO grade I), arising from a proliferation of all neural elements. Plexiform neurofibromas are essentially pathognomonic of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Unlike small sporadic localized neurofib...
Article
Periosteal reaction
Periosteal reaction is a nonspecific radiographic finding that indicates new bone formation in reaction to the abnormal stimulants. Periosteal reactions may be broadly characterized as benign or aggressive, or more specifically categorized by pattern.
Terminology
Periosteal reaction is the rec...
Article
Pathological fracture
Pathological fractures are fractures that occur in abnormal bone and occur spontaneously or following minor trauma that would not otherwise fracture biomechanically normal bone.
Terminology
The term pathological fracture is usually reserved for tumors, either benign or malignant, although it h...
Article
Ligamentum flavum
The ligamenta flava (singular: ligamentum flavum) are paired ligaments which run between adjacent laminae of the vertebral bodies and are present from C2/3 to the sacrum. Above the C2/3 level, the equivalent structures are known as the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane between the skull base ...
Article
Hockey stick sign (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)
The hockey stick sign refers to the hyperintense signal involving the head of the caudate and the putamen bilaterally on FLAIR, in cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which has the shape of a hockey stick.
See also
pulvinar sign (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)
hockey stick sign (thyroid h...
Article
Hydrosalpinx
Hydrosalpinx is a descriptive term and refers to a fluid-filled dilatation of the fallopian tube. If the fluid is infected, i.e. pus, then it is a pyosalpinx; if bloody, then hematosalpinx.
Clinical presentation
Patients may be asymptomatic or may present with pelvic pain or infertility.
Path...
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Osteoid osteoma
Osteoid osteomas are benign bone-forming tumors that typically occur in children (particularly adolescents). They have a characteristic lucent nidus <1.5 or 2 cm and surrounding osteosclerotic reaction, which classically causes night pain that is relieved by the use of NSAIDs.
Epidemiology
Ost...
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Obesity
Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2. It is described as being a "modern epidemic" due to increased rates of metabolic syndrome and other complications in these patients, along with a high and increasing prevalence.
Terminology
Large body habitus is ...
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