Articles
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16,924 results
Article
Thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS)
The thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), also sometimes known as the thoracolumbar injury severity score (TISS), was developed by the Spine Trauma Group in 2005 to overcome some of the perceived difficulties regarding the use of other thoracolumbar spinal fracture clas...
Article
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR), also known as partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC), is a rare congenital cardiovascular condition in which some of the pulmonary veins, but not all, drain into the right heart or systemic venous system, rather than in the left a...
Article
Common hepatic artery
The common hepatic artery (CHA) is one of the three branches of the celiac artery.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The common hepatic artery is intermediate in size, commonly arising as a terminal branch of the celiac artery, which courses to the right.
Course
It courses posterior to the parietal peri...
Article
Calcification of the globe (differential)
Calcification of the globe has many causes, varying from benign to malignant. When calcification is seen in the posterior half of the globe, it could relate to any of the layers (scleral, choroidal or retinal), as it is not possible to separate them out on CT.
Retinal
drusen: 1% population at ...
Article
Retinopathy of prematurity
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (formerly referred to as retrolental fibroplasia) is an ocular condition seen in the infant population. It often occurs bilaterally, although usually with significant asymmetry 1.
Epidemiology
There is often a history of premature delivery, low birth weight, a...
Article
Hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke
Hemorrhagic transformation is a complication of cerebral ischemic stroke and can significantly worsen prognosis.
Terminology
The term hemorrhagic transformation is somewhat variably used and collectively refers to two different processes, which have different incidence, appearance and prognost...
Article
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Sacrococcygeal teratoma refers to a teratoma arising in the sacrococcygeal region. The coccyx is almost always involved 6.
Epidemiology
It is the most common congenital tumor in fetus 11 and neonate 3. The incidence is estimated at ~1:35,000-40,000. There is a recognized female predilection wi...
Article
Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses (version 2019)
The Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses (version 2019), or usually simply Bosniak classification v2019, is an update of the Bosniak criteria published in 2005.
Usage
The Bosniak classification version referred to international guidelines is variable, with the 2022 European and Canadi...
Article
Doughnut sign (disambiguation)
The doughnut sign can refer to various imaging appearances:
crescent in a doughnut sign (bowel)
double doughnut sign
doughnut sign (bone scan)
doughnut sign (bowel)
doughnut sign (chest)
doughnut sign (missed testicular torsion)
doughnut sign (orbit)
Article
Dengue encephalitis
Dengue encephalitis is a rare condition resulting from direct involvement of the central nervous system by the dengue virus, it is one of many viral encephalitides and flavivirus encephalitides.
Epidemiology
Dengue infection and dengue encephalitis, predominately occurs in tropical and subtr...
Article
Sinonasal lymphoma
Sinonasal lymphoma refers to the involvement of the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses with lymphoma. It can be primary or secondary.
Clinical presentation
The most common locations of sinonasal lymphoma are the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus. Generally, T cell lymphoma (especially na...
Article
Double doughnut sign
The double doughnut sign, or double-doughnut sign, is a radiological sign described in MRI of viral encephalitis, typically due to dengue encephalitis.
The double doughnut sign refers to a pattern of signal changes in the bilateral thalami that have a doughnut-like appearance 1-4. This sign is ...
Article
Nose
The nose, sometimes referred to as the external nose, is a feature of the face and is composed of soft tissues that extend externally from the skull. It is continuous posteriorly with the nasal cavity. The anterior (piriform) aperture is bounded above by the nasal bones and elsewhere by the two ...
Article
Nasal cavity
The nasal cavity, also known as the nasal fossa, forms part of the upper respiratory tract.
Terminology
Somewhat confusingly, the nasal cavity may refer to either the space either side of the nasal septum or the two spaces combined. So for the same individual one can correctly refer to their s...
Article
Lamina papyracea
The lamina papyracea, also known as the orbital lamina of the ethmoid bone, is the principal component of the medial wall of the orbit, and also the lateral surface of the ethmoid air cells.
Gross anatomy
It articulates:
superiorly with the orbital plate of the frontal bone
inferiorly with t...
Article
Diabetic mastopathy
Diabetic mastopathy is a condition characterized by the presence of a benign tumor like breast masses in women with long-standing type 1 or type 2 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The condition has also been reported in men.
Clinical presentation
Diabetic mastopathy manifests clinically as...
Article
Popliteal artery
The popliteal artery is the direct continuation of the superficial femoral artery, at the point where it exits the adductor canal at the adductor hiatus, and passes into the popliteal fossa as the vessel courses posteriorly behind the knee.
Summary
origin: continuation of the superficial femor...
Article
Bogorad syndrome
Bogorad syndrome also known as the syndrome of crocodile tears, is characterized by residual facial paralysis with profuse lacrimation during eating. This phenomenon is also known as paroxysmal lacrimation or the gustolacrimal reflex. It is caused by a misdirection of the regenerating autonomic ...
Article
Plexiform neurofibroma
Plexiform neurofibroma is an uncommon variant of neurofibroma, a benign tumor of peripheral nerves (WHO grade I), arising from a proliferation of all neural elements. Plexiform neurofibromas are essentially pathognomonic of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Unlike small sporadic localized neurofib...
Article
Periosteal reaction
Periosteal reaction is a nonspecific radiographic finding that indicates new bone formation in reaction to the abnormal stimulants. Periosteal reactions may be broadly characterized as benign or aggressive, or more specifically categorized by pattern.
Terminology
Periosteal reaction is the rec...
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