Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,923 results
Article
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Congenital diaphragmatic herniation (CDH) accounts for a small proportion of all diaphragmatic herniae. However, it is one of the most common non-cardiac fetal intrathoracic anomalies.
Epidemiology
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are seen in 1 of every 2000-4000 live births. 84% are left-side...
Article
Alveolar echinococcosis
Alveolar echinococcosis, also referred as hepatic alveolar echinococcosis or E. alveolaris, is a more aggressive and invasive form of hepatic hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. It mimics a slow-growing tumor, as in contrast to E. granulosus it does not form a well defined enc...
Article
Costochondral joint
The costochondral joints are immobile primary cartilaginous joints (synchondroses) that connect the sternal end of each rib bone to its costal cartilage 1. The periosteum and perichondrium form a continuous layer which holds the costal cartilage in a depression at the end of the rib 2.
Article
Diaphysis
The diaphyses (singular: diaphysis), sometimes colloquially called the shafts, are the main portions of a long bone (a bone that is longer than it is wide) and provide most of their length.
The diaphysis has a tubular composition with a hard outer section of hard cortical bone and a central po...
Article
Ossification centers
There are both primary and secondary ossification centers that are involved in osteogenesis (formation of bone).
Primary ossification centers
where bone first forms
long bones (shaft or diaphysis)
irregular bones (body)
Secondary ossification centers
individual bones may have multiple cent...
Article
Apophysis
The apophysis is a normal secondary ossification center that is located in the non-weight-bearing part of the bone and eventually fuses with it over time (most of the apophyses fuse during the 2nd decade of life, but this process can be delayed, especially in female athletes). The apophysis is a...
Article
Epiphysis
The epiphyses (singular: epiphysis) are the rounded portions at the ends of a bone separated from the metaphysis by the physis. The epiphysis contributes to a joint, compared with an apophysis which is a site of tendon or ligament attachment. Once the growth plate has fused, the epiphysis and me...
Article
Physis
The physes (singular: physis) or growth plates are found in bones that undergo endochondral ossification.
Radiographic features
The physis appears as a radiolucent line in skeletally-immature patients located between the metaphysis and epiphysis. It contains zones of mesenchymal cells in va...
Article
Periosteum
The periosteum is a thin membrane of connective tissue composed of different layers covering the surface of a bone, providing structural integrity and contributing to growth and development as well as the repair of bone 1-3.
Gross anatomy
The periosteum consists of different layers in particul...
Article
Bowel perforation
Bowel perforation, either small bowel perforation or large bowel perforation, can occur in many different settings, but the more common are
bowel obstruction (both small and large)
bowel ischemia
severe ulcer disease
diverticular disease
infection
malignant diseases
gastrointestinal tumor...
Article
Papillary carcinoma of the breast
Papillary carcinoma of the breast is a rare ductal breast malignancy.
Epidemiology
They are thought to account for 1-2% of breast carcinomas 2. They typically present in postmenopausal patients with the mean age being 63-67 years.
Clinical presentation
Papillary carcinomas may manifest clini...
Article
Arterial occlusive mesenteric ischemia
Arterial occlusive mesenteric ischemia can be a life-threatening event related to obstruction of the mesenteric arteries, most commonly the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), supplying the small bowel and colon. It is the most common cause of mesenteric ischemia.
Epidemiology
An acute occlusi...
Article
Perigastric appendagitis
Perigastric appendagitis is a rare inflammatory/ischemic process involving the perigastric ligaments (gastrohepatic, gastrosplenic and falciform ligaments).
Along with epiploic appendagitis and omental infarction, perigastric appendagitis falls under the umbrella of intraperitoneal focal fat in...
Article
T-tube cholangiogram
T-tube cholangiograms are a fluoroscopic study performed in the setting of hepatobiliary disease. This technique has been largely superseded by MRCP and ERCP.
Typically a T-shaped tube is left in the common bile duct at the time of surgery (e.g. cholecystectomy) and allows for exploration of th...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (P)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter P and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Progressive ataxia and palatal tremor
Progressive ataxia and palatal tremor (PAPT) is a rare sporadic or familial syndrome characterized by symptomatic palatal tremor/myoclonus and progressive cerebellar ataxia, usually in the setting of bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration without an identifiable causative lesion to the tria...
Article
Uploading DICOM images to Radiopaedia
Uploading DICOM images to Radiopaedia is possible through the case creation page with full client-side anonymisation.
Here is what occurs:
drag and drop: drag and drop the DICOM folder into the case upload area (this will not be uploaded at this stage)
anonymisation: the files will be proce...
Article
Endovascular aneurysm sealing system (EVAS)
Endovascular aneurysm sealing system (EVAS) was developed with the intention to expand beyond the anatomic limitations of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) devices, as well as to decrease the rates of re-intervention secondary to graft migration and type II endoleaks.
EVAS was designed by End...
Article
Theodore Eliot Keats
Theodore Eliot Keats, M.D. (1924-2010) was an eminent American radiologist whose unwavering dedication to education and authorship left an indelible mark on radiology.
Early Life
Theodore Keats was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey (N.J.), on June 26, 1924 1,2. In 1945, he completed his underg...
Article
Elastofibroma dorsi
Elastofibroma dorsi, a benign soft-tissue tumor, is distinctly situated in the infrascapular or subscapular region, being bilateral close to a third of cases. On imaging, it presents as a poorly defined soft-tissue mass with CT attenuation closely resembling adjacent skeletal muscle.
Epidemiolo...
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